Oil paints produce three types: gustotertye, ready to eat, and art. Gustotertye inks contain a minimum amount of linseed oil required to produce the paste, so before starting work in them must be added to the working consistency of varnish. The paint is brought to a working consistency, if it does not flow from the brush itself, but is coming off easily when you brush your finger on. Number of linseed oil, which must be added to gustotertoy paint, different for each pigment and can vary between 15-40%, reaching in some cases 50% (in black colorful composition, where the pigment is carbon black light). Sometimes in the varnish can add 7-10% solvent. Breeding gustotertye ink only solvents is not recommended because it results in a fragile colorful film has no characteristic of oil paint opacity. In grades gustotertyh paint after the first few letters and dashes is "0" (zero), and further figures, such as MA-021 MA-015. Gustotertye paint AI-021 are prepared for natural drying oil, the MA-025 - in combination, which has more than 30% of the solvent, the GF-023 - on glyptal, PF-024 - on pentaphthalic varnish. Only listed linseed oil can be thinned each of the above kinds of paints. Ready to eat paint have enough varnish. Before use, they just need a good shake. Mark their MA-21 MA-15, etc. Basically, the scope of oil paints on the properties of the pigment and to a lesser extent on the properties of linseed oil. The quality of oil paints is estimated on the content of pigment, varnish and filler. Complete drying film of oil paints at (18 ± 2) ° C should occur within 24 hours Gustotertye paint during storage necessarily covered with a layer of varnish, with little shelf life of paint you can put a layer of water. When storing paint, ready to eat, partly stratified - the pigment settles to the bottom, but linseed oil remains on top. So after prolonged storage prior to use ready-made paint should be mixed thoroughly. Is fire-resistant paint? Check fire any oil paint can be a fairly simple way. Metal plate coated with paint, place it over the fire, for example, a gas burner. Enough to cause only a small smear. Oil, located in the paint, lights up as soon as the plate is hot. Glow-hot plate, and then gradually cool down. If the paint was fireproof, it will retain its color, will only become slightly whitish due to the removal of its oil. So it will be if on a plate, for example, cobalt, vermilion, cadmium, ocher, red lead, soot, gas, chromium oxide. Now put on the plaque smear neognestoykoy paint, for example, kraplaka, and heat the it on fire. After cooling the plates on it will be ashes - the paint will burn out completely, and to use these colors for products that must withstand heat, you should not. Enamel paint. Unlike oil enamel paints (enamel) are produced in special lacquers. They are ready to use suspensions of organic or mineral pigments with oil or synthetic varnishes, sometimes with the addition of plasticizers and other substances. Enamel paint must have light resistance, sufficient strength and resistance to atmospheric and mechanical effects; dry in thin layers for 15-30 hours at a temperature (20 +2) ° C, forming a solid, flat, smooth films with good gloss. Thickened paint is adjusted to the working consistency by diluting their respective solvents. Alkyd enamel paint - oil, glyptal pentaphthalic, oil-acrylic, oil, urea, etc., containing the products of processing oils. They represent a suspension of finely ground pigments in one of the oil paints (glyptal, pentaphthalic, etc.) with the addition of solvents and dryers. These enamels produce in 36 colors. Solvents for the alkyd enamels are turpentine, mineral spirits, solvent, xylene, or mixtures thereof. On the surface of the work alkyd enamel is applied by roller, brush or paint sprayer. Each of the brands of alkyd enamel with different technical and operational characteristics. Nitroemali (efirtsellyuloznye) are solutions of nitro-cellulose in acetone, ether, benzene or other solvents with the addition of pigments and plasticizer. Nitroemali form a thin film, so dry very quickly - 30-60 minutes. Dried film is sufficiently firm and strong, with good decorative properties, but fast enough flammable and weatherproof. To obtain thicker films industry produces nitrogliftalevye and nitropentaftalevye enamel. Cellulose acetate paint less flammable and more light and heat resistant. Perchlorovinyl enamel similar to nitrocellulose but they have a film-forming perchlorovinyl resin dissolved in organic solvents. Film of paint has high weather resistance and elasticity. It is not lit, well resists the action of alkalis, acids and fats. However, at a temperature of more than 60 colors are soft and much gathering dust, in addition they are poorly connected with the surface, so they can work only on well-prepared grounds. Nearly similar properties of polyvinylchloride and vinilhloridpye enamel. Apply these enamel mainly to perform external work. A characteristic feature of these types of enamels - high fire resistance. Polyacrylic enamel (AS-150 AS-182) when dry form a perfect its quality characteristics colorful film that is superior to the data (gloss, hardness, light resistance, temperature resistance), colorful film of alkyd enamel. For drying it is necessary to add 1-3% drier and 1% monobutiluretana. Epoxy enamel. Basis for their production are epoxy resins with the addition of pigments. For the formation of ink film required additive hardeners. Industry produces epoxy enamel EIA-4171-1 green, and EIA-4173-1 cream colors. These acid-resistant enamel and have good anticorrosive properties. Alkyd-epoxy enamel was prepared by adding alkyd resins. They provide a durable, water-resistant semigloss film. Use these enamel work on the metal base, with the condition of operation within the premises. Most of the above enamel comes in cans or in aerosol containers, which are necessary to protect the fire, high temperatures and mechanical damage. Varnishes called solutions of natural or synthetic resins, as well as of prepared vegetable oils in the volatile solvents, which form after drying a solid transparent uniform film. Lucky give the surface a decorative look and create a protective coating. Most coatings are colorless. Used as paints, colored dyes, and black (on the basis of bitumen and coal pitches). Lucky for the character formation of the film is divided into two groups: the generators of the film only by the volatilization of solvents (eg alcohol, nitrocellulose) and film-forming as a result of chemical reactions, polymerization and polycondensation, which they transformed into an insoluble state (eg, oil, polyester , polyurethane, urea). Depending on the species within them components of the varnish are divided into oil (natural and synthetic), alcohol, nitrocellulose lacquer, bitumen, etc. Oil varnishes are solutions of natural resins and polymers in drying plant oils containing solvents, and driers. Resins and polymers give the lacquer film hardness and gloss, driers promote rapid drying, and lacquer thinners provide the necessary consistency and plasticity and increase adhesion of the film with the surface being treated. The quality of the oil varnish film is characterized and defined the same way as for the rest of lacquer formulations (viscosity, clarity, color yodometricheekoy scale, impurity content, drying rate, hardness and plasticity of the dried film). I Varnishes with high oil content are considered fat, low - skinny. For the manufacture of oil varnishes from natural resins used copal, dammar, colophony, etc., of synthetic polymers - alkyd resin, poliperhlorvinil, polyvinyl chloride, formaldehyde and other polyphenols, depending on which paint gets its name. Currently, natural resins are used in smaller quantities, because they displace the polymeric material has several advantages. Some types of oil paints have special meaning. So, for corrosion protection used acid and alkali perchlorovinyl varnishes. Alcohol varnish is a solution in spirt6 or a mixture of alcohol with other highly volatile solvents, synthetic polymers or solid vegetable gums (40%), such as shellac, iditola, rosin. Nitrocellulose lacquer prepared on the basis of cellulose nitrate, nitrocellulose, mainly collodion. Cellulose nitrate - cellulose esters and nitric acid as a white fibrous loose weight. The structure also includes nitrocellulose lacquer solvents: ketones, esters, alcohols, and mixtures of toluene, xylene. As a result of volatilization of solvent, nitrocellulose lacquer form (30 minutes) colorless (or colored) transparent reversible films resistant to gasoline and mineral oils, partially water-resistant and resistant to alkalis, acids and ultra-violet rays. If you add to the collodion drying alkyd resin, then formed at room temperature for 30 minutes irreversible film, superior in all parameters reversible. Nitrocellulose lacquer is applied to the surface by spraying. They are fire risks. Used nitrocellulose lacquer for coating wood and metal products for the manufacture of enamel paints. The film is black, well protect metals from corrosion, form coatings obtained on the basis of bitumen and coal tar pitch dissolved in oil. For example, bitumen-oil varnish applied on the metal surface, forming a neutral film at a temperature of 120-200 ° C for 0,5-2 h; use it both indoors and outdoors. Water resistant varnish film can be verified if a glass plate coated with a varnish, let stand until it is completely dry at 18-20 ° C, 2 / 3 of its height is placed at 3 h in a glass of water at the same temperature. Comparing each of these areas, we can judge the water resistance of the varnish. Waterproof film should not change the color, soften and exfoliate from the surface. Tool derevozaschitnoe "P and Hom e to c" is designed for finishing interior and exterior wooden surfaces. Attaching surface decorative qualities, this tool simultaneously protects the wood from mold, rot, insect damage and weather. The tool is available colorless and in different colors including: red-brown (mahogany), brown (teak), dark green (Reseda), reddish-yellow (Oregon). The tool is used for protection and finishing of wooden exterior walls, cornices, doors, windows, stairs, fences, boats, walls of tile and plywood materials. Is also used for decoration and protection of fine wood.
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