Brick and block walls

The stone walls are durable, strong, have high fire resistance, require a minimal cost in operation - it is not an exhaustive list of advantages of this type of fencing devices. The stone walls are durable, strong, have high fire resistance, require minimal cost in operation - it is not an exhaustive list of advantages of this type of fencing devices. Brickwork. This is the most used method of construction. Houses built of brick back in XVI II and XIX centuries, perfectly preserved to this day. However, masonry, made in the usual way, inferior to its heat-insulating qualities of walls built from other wall materials. For example, for the estimated outside air temperature - 30 ° C (most areas of the central part of Russia) the exterior walls made of solid masonry brick, should have a thickness of 64 cm (2,5 bricks) while the thickness of the wooden walls in these bruschatyh conditions can be equal to only 16 -18, see Methods brickwork certainly known to the reader. However, given the urgency of this type of construction work in the construction of residential houses, cottages and garden houses, we recall the main points in this area. Brick can be red (clay) and white (lime). Combined clutch of these two types of bricks you can perform architectural ornaments. A red brick form, dried and then baked at high temperatures. This latter process is very important for the quality of bricks. Only at temperatures close to melting point, the hole closed, and the brick ceases to absorb moisture. Otherwise, it accumulates the water freezes in winter, breaks a brick and he begins to crumble. In addition, the surface of bricks under the influence of moisture is overgrown with moss and is slippery. Dimensions ordinary red brick, length - 250 mm, width - 120mm, thickness 65 mm. Depending on the thickness of masonry bricks on 1m2 consumption varies from 50 to 55 pieces. Sometimes used brick blocks with a height of twice the standard size of an ordinary brick. To clutch turned out beautifully, Brick should be of regular shape, with straight edges, no cracks and other defects. To reduce weight and improve thermal characteristics often apply a lightweight honeycomb bricks, weighing 20% ??less. Heat-saving technologies on the masonry, we discuss a little later, but in this section, we consider only the basic techniques of construction of brick walls. Mortar for brickwork can be applied to the cement, lime or cement-lime based. Cement mortars prepared from the ravine of sand and cement in the ratio from 1:3 to 1:6 (cement: sand), depending on the brand of cement and the requirements for a solution. For this first mix the dry mixture of sand and cement in the required ratio, it is stirred thoroughly, and then closes with water and stir until smooth. Should bear in mind that the walls, lined with a cement solution, the cold, therefore, they are intensely condensed moisture. In addition, grout too hard. Mortar warmer, but their strength is much lower than the strength of cement mortars. Masonry on the mortar less durable, so for masonry use them rarely. Cement-lime mortar is prepared as well as lime, but instead of clean sand used a dry mixture of sand and cement in the required proportion. Plasticity of the cement-lime mortar makes it preferable for virtually all types of masonry. Whenever possible, ligation should be a whole brick. If at the joint walls, bends and narrowing will not be laying a brick, you can use pieces of it derived logging and podteskoy. In this case, you can use 3 / 4, 1 / 2 a brick or a long half brick. solutions are prepared in the same way as lime, but instead of clean sand is used dry mixture of sand and cement in the required proportion. Plasticity of the cement-lime mortar makes it preferable for virtually all types of masonry. Strength and high load capacity of masonry walls depends not only on the quality of mortar and brick, but to a large extent on the method of installation. In particular, on the thoroughness of the implementation of dressings, that is a laying bricks, in which the butt joints in adjacent rows are staggered. Ligation to provide quality, you must ensure that in each subsequent row offset seams to 1 / 4 -1 / 2 brick. A few words about masonry. The most common method of laying vprisyk Stretcher bond or perpender kladkoy.Ochen distributed Stretcher bond brickwork or perpender some way vprizhim. More capital is considered to be two - three and six-row of masonry. For complicated types of masonry may include mixed types of masonry brick, ceramic and cast stone. Ceramic stone masonry is shown in. In colder areas often is involved with the laying of air layer, or insulation. For walls of varying thickness and different schemes are recommended ligation joints. To some extent the universal scheme is a model of multilayer bandaging. Before proceeding to the masonry, it is necessary to prepare the ground and mark on it the contours of the wall. Skilled masons laying the contours indicate cord. The clutch is starting to perform on the angles and the end wall. Initially placed in a solution of extreme or guides bricks that connect the power cord - prichalkoy that then put all the other bricks. Cord prichalka determine their correct location and at the same time the height of the row. When masonry walls up to 30 cm thick cord pull on one side only, with masonry walls of greater thickness of ~ on both sides. When the cord is stretched, causing a trowel mortar, and distribute it to the edge so as to obtain a layer thickness of 1.5 "1.8 cm, the solution is applied at a distance of 2 cm from the face of the masonry. If this condition is not fulfilled, the solution follows from the seams, and requires significant efforts to clean masonry. This is especially important to perform the condition, if you plan to wall plaster. clutch are usually left to right. The solution was placed bricks in a way that is well cut off the connecting joints of the underlying layer. Gently press on the brick and tapped the handle trowel. arising from the joint solution is clean trowel and throw in a drawer. After laying several rows of bricks to check the verticality of the front surface of the wall and horizontal rows. To test the verticality of the walls are usually used construction plummet. In addition to the list of types of masonry have to say that English is the most stable ligation, in which perpender Stretcher bond and through a series of alternate rows. That is, the bricks of two adjacent vertical rows lie criss - crossed with respect to each other. That clutch otherwise known as single-strand chain. mentioned earlier multilayered dressing is characterized in that each series perpender goes through a three - five Stretcher bond. If in one row alternate Stretcher bond and header brick, then a clutch called flagmandskoy. A brick laid on the solution, which must be filled ', the seams between the individual bricks. If the wall must be plastered, then, for better communication with her plaster layer seams from the front wall surface to a depth of 10 - 15 mm do not fill the `solution, this clutch is called" pustoshovka. "If the solution comes in the seams to the front surface, the clutch runs in trim." Excess solution in this case is extruded brick face the wall and cut a trowel PLI smoothed "jointing". Depending on the kind of "pointing" distinguish between concave and convex seam. Typically, masonry columns and piers of narrow (width 1 m) is based on three-row system, ligation of sutures. blockwork in the field of mutual intersections should be performed simultaneously. For masonry walls is recommended to apply one kind of solution (but of strength). If you use a solution with the addition of cement bricks before laying it is recommended to soak in the otherwise brick rapidly absorbs water and cement in a solution deprived of moisture necessary for curing, and the clutch does not accept required strength. The solution should be used within 1 - 1.5 hours after cooking. Make the masonry surface relief pattern can be different locations of the bricks in the personal layer: a ledge at an angle, etc. These techniques create different architectural details of walls: curtain rods , pilasters, belts, parapet and other niches. Economical masonry of solid brick is obtained for the formation of closed air spaces width of 5 - 7 mm. That clutch not only reduces the brick wall per unit volume, but also increases its thermal properties. This technique allows inter alia, to reduce the wall thickness compared with a solid masonry, without compromising their insulating properties. The benefit of this type of masonry is evident. Volume laying down not only due to voids within the masonry, but also by reducing the thickness of the walls. Kolodtsevaya masonry is one of the the most common types of economical construction of brick walls for low-rise buildings. This building method allows us to reduce the consumption of brick on 15 - 20%, but compared with a solid brick wall. kolodtsevoy Options masonry characterized by different capital and sustainability. Layers in kolodtsevoy clutch connects the vertical diaphragm, the distance between which should not exceed 1170 mm. It goes without saying that the strength of the wall in kolodtsevoy laying down. Therefore, on the lower level of the floor slab and the two rows below the window openings along the perimeter of exterior walls and arrange the horizontal mortar diaphragm. Such aperture formed wire mesh, who like both the inner and outer layers of masonry and protected layer of sand-cement mortar. drawback kolodtsevoy masonry is the increased infiltration of air through the air cavity. To get rid of this phenomenon recommend walls made kolodtsevoy masonry, plastering. characteristic of masonry is its large thermal inertia. That is a brick wall long enough to warm and also slowly cools down, for residential buildings is the quality of the brick wall is positive, as the temperature of the interior does not usually have large fluctuations. But for homes periodic residence (usually the cottages), the thermal inertia of the brick wall already plays an important role, because of the absence of the owners of the temperature of the walls is reduced and for their heating needs fuel costs and time. To reduce this negative phenomenon is used multilayer wall structure consisting of layers of varying thermal conductivity and thermal inertia. But this does not mean that the multilayer structure can only be used for summer homes. The high thermal efficiency of this type of masonry walls was applied in all areas of construction, including in the construction of residential houses. Multilayer structure of brick walls are not the only way to increase their thermal characteristics of walls. Experience has shown that large potential in this area and laid the bricks in the structure itself. A vivid proof of this is developed by JSC "Athena" sverhteplogo brick "TERM Olu COP. The design of this unique brick is such that virtually eliminates the presence of "cold joints" in the array of clutch. This is due to the fact that "Termolyuks" is created on the principle of the thermos. His body perpender walls between "cut" five layers of air. Jumpers, serving to maintain strength, are arranged in a maze and do not constitute a "cold bridges". Small "cold bridges" (15 mm thick) are only perpender wall. But in an array of masonry wall thickness has a large number of air spaces, in which even perpender walls do not form a "cold bridges", as arranged in a checkerboard pattern. Because a lot of air spaces and the temperature drop within a single layer of small (less than 3 ° C temperature difference inside and up to 75 ° C), the convection air flow inside the layers does not occur. Consequently, the air is working with maximum resistance to heat transfer. The uniqueness of bricks "Termolyuks" consists in the fact that typically materials with good insulation properties, have low strength and are not carriers. "Termolyuks" also with excellent insulation qualities possesses strength, enough to build a nine storey buildings. Such qualities "Termolyuksa` meet the latest requirements for energy efficiency without additional costly measures on warming. Commercially available technology with thick masonry walls up to 64 cm (2,5 bricks). Makes it out of high strength material that can achieve excellent physical - mechanical characteristics. Source: Portal Home and Family from Rin.ru