Preparation for plaster works

One of the oldest methods of covering walls and ceilings of plaster - a layer of hardened mortar caused in a plastic state in one-four for admission to a previously prepared surface with a seal and a careful alignment. Plaster eliminate irregularities in masonry, seal the seams, it serves as insulation from moisture penetration into the room, and improves sound and thermal insulation properties of walls, and wooden homes serves as a fire protection system. To improve the fire resistance of bearing steel and plaster them on the grid. Plaster is used also to give a decorative surface texture. Perform better than plaster after a full draft of the structure, ie, approximately one year after construction. On the complexity of the plaster fall into three categories: simple, advanced and high quality. Just apply in the interim, basements and other non-residential buildings, improved - in homes and public buildings, high quality - in public and residential buildings 1-st class. Plaster is applied to the surface is not directly on the entire thickness, and layer by layer as a thick layer of mortar will neshvativshegosya gutter. With a simple plaster layer of a scratch coat and one coat of a total thickness of 12 mm, an improved plaster consists of three layers - spray, soil and finish coat - a total thickness of 15 mm, high-quality multi-layered plaster - spray, two layers of soil and nakryvka - a total thickness of 20 mm . When overlaying a two-meter rack (rules) on the surface of a simple plaster is allowed no more than three gaps of up to 5 mm, improved - two gaps up to 3 mm high - two gaps of up to 2 mm. Prepare tool. To plastering need a tool that can be divided into four groups: to prepare the surfaces for the preparation of the solution, for application and leveling mortar for plaster finishes. For surface preparation required: hammer-kirochka, Bouchard (hammer with a notch), or an ax, a boot knife and a steel spatula. For the preparation of the solution requires: wooden or metal box, water tank, a shovel, a sieve for sifting of dry mixtures of sand, straining the solution, a scoop for bulk materials. For application and leveling of the solution are necessary: ??Falcon - a wooden board or sheet of plywood or duralumin $ 380-400x400-500 mm with handle, trowel (trowel, plastering trowel), wooden poluterok and grater - cutting boards (for the trowel-800x110x20 mm to float - 200x110x20 mm) with handles, ladle. To finish use: float-wood and felt, intended for smoothing plaster surface, usually as a ruler or steel trowel, serving for the final alignment and smoothing plaster surface and the top layer of plaster. The choice of the solution. Plaster consists of three main components: a binder (clay, cement, lime, gypsum), aggregates (sand, slag, sometimes fine chaff, wood chips, crushed chips, flax or hemp fire) and water. Use clean drinking water (mineral or other water is unfit) and is taken in such quantity that the solution is formed in the paste-like state. No fillers binder materials are fragile, after drying ripped cracked, and the road is fun - plaster, for example, pure cement or plaster. Cementing materials and fillers for a solution is selected depending on operating conditions and dolgovechnsti buildings or structures on the purpose and type of stucco plastered surface. In areas with relative humidity over 60% (bathrooms, etc.) are used for plastering cement and cement-lime mortar for Portland cement. Plaster room with relative humidity less than 60% use the following types of solutions: for the inner surfaces of exterior masonry and concrete walls and surfaces of concrete surfaces - cement-lime and limestone for interior surfaces of stone and concrete walls and partitions - lime for plaster walls - lime plaster and gypsum-filled, and for wood surfaces - clay, lime, lime-clay, lime, gypsum, lime-glinogipsovye, cement-lime, glinotsementnye. Plaster exterior masonry and concrete walls are not exposed to moisture, use lime and cement mortar with Portland cement grade 400, as well as solutions to izvestesoderzhaschih binders. Exterior wood and plaster walls to trowel mortar with additions of gypsum, clay. Caps, belts, rods, and various acting parts plaster cement or cement-lime mortar. Suitable, and other solutions, but they are less durable. Preparation of solutions. Prepare a solution - so diligently as possible to mix with water, binders and fillers. But first you need to know in what proportions to take them. Water plays a dual role: a solution gives plasticity and contributes to setting and hardening. She is taken in such quantity that formed the solution is in pasty state. As an excess and the shortage of water in the solution is fragile plaster. It is recommended to add into the solution with garden watering - spray, which provides constant absorption of water into dry mixture, rather than a continuous stream of capable wash binder materials. Type of solution is usually determined by the main binder contained in it. Consider a few recipes for solutions for plastering. Cement mortar. To cement used cement grade no higher than 400, add sand 1,5-5 parts. Composition and grade solution for the preparatory layers (spray and soil) depending on the brand of solution nakryvochnyh layer and the nature of its treatment and can not be below grade nakryvochnyh layer - with spray and finish coat of sand is reduced by 20-30%. A solution like that. In the capacity of place the necessary amount of sand, make it a funnel, pour metered portion of the cement components are thoroughly mixed until a homogeneous dry mixture (mix may be one, but better together - counter-synchronous movements of spades from the edges toward the center, and the need to ensure that that, in the corners of the box did not remain unmixed binders and fillers) and small portions, add water while stirring to obtain the necessary thickness of the solution. Mortar is prepared somewhat differently: the required volume of lime paste (slaked lime) is placed in a container to prepare the solution, add some sand and some water, the components mixed to the disappearance of lumps, then add the remainder of the sand and water and stir. One part of lime paste take from 1 to 5 parts sand. We can not allow a plaster fell nedogashennye slices of lime, as the process of clearing will continue for several years, which may lead to the formation of so-called "Dutikow. Cement-lime (complex) solution prepared from cement (1 part), lime paste (0,3-1,5 parts) and sand (1,5-6 parts). The solution was flexible, adheres well to the surface, it is easy to apply. To prepare the solution cement mixed with sand to give a dry cement mixture. Lime putty is diluted with water until thick milk. On such a milk of lime make a cement mixture, stirring carefully all. There is another way - the lime-sand mortar mix of cement was added. Lime-plaster solution. To speed up the hardening of mortar, add gypsum. For layers of plaster are recommended following compositions lime-plaster solutions (in parts by volume): spray - 1 (0,3 - 1): (2-3), primer-1: (0,5-1,5): (1 ,5-2); nakryvka-1: (1 - 1,5): 0. Prepare them as follows: water is poured into a box, and then gradually to avoid lumps, pour plaster of Paris and quickly stir it thoroughly until until a liquid gypsum paste to which add the lime mortar, and stir until smooth, spending to not more than 2 minutes. You can do otherwise - sifted plaster put in mortar or lime milk. The complexity of working with lime-plaster solutions is the need for 5-7 minutes and wipe time to level the solution. Therefore, they are prepared in small portions. With a significant amount of plastering work in these solutions is introduced setting retarders in the following amounts (percent by weight of gypsum): glue (mezdrovy or bone) or kleeizvestkovy composition (adhesive - 1 part lime - 0.5 parts water - 8.5 parts) - 0,2 - 0,5; alum, borax, 5-20. Retarder is used in an aqueous solution. Earthen mortar. From other solutions, it is characterized by high plasticity and connectivity, mobility and workability, water retention and adhesion to the base, low cost, but it has little strength and low water resistance. With clay mortar and trowel lay ovens and chimneys, internal walls and partitions in low-rise construction. Clay solutions are suitable for plastering the walls of low-rise buildings in dry conditions. Filler in the clay solution is sand, but even better, fine chaff, wood shavings, dry sawdust and crushed fire as flax and hemp. These fillers have reported a solution of greater strength and toughness, make it easy to dry. Clay mortars with aggregates should proceed without the balance through a sieve with mesh size 3x3-5x5 ??mm. The compositions of clay solutions do not count, as prescribed, depending on the fat content and density of the clay dough. Fatter clay dough, the more it perceives the filler in the preparation of the mixture. Fat content of clay can be determined by the density of the clay dough, for which he is placed in a quart jar (you should first be weighed), and weighed. The density of fat clay dough 1300-1400, average - 1400-1500, 1500-1600 skinny g / liter. When preparing the clay solution required amount of clay is placed in a box and fill with water. A day later, when the clay is sufficiently softened, it is stirred to a creamy mass, and pour into another container through a sieve with an aperture of 3x3 mm. After that, add sand (4 parts with thick clay, 3 parts in the clay medium, 2.5 parts by thin clay), again thoroughly mixed and the resulting solution was filtered. When stained with lime and glue paints the surface of clay plaster begins to shade (diffuse, and turns gray). Because the soil clay plaster covered with lime or lime-gypsum mortar. Clay mixed solution. To increase strength in the clay solution is added with cement, lime or gypsum. The fatter the clay, the more you want to aggregate. We recommend the following solution composition (in parts by volume): glinotsementnye-1:0,15: (4-5); glinoizvestkovye-1:0,2: (3-5); glinogipsovye-1:0,25: (3 - 5). First the clay is diluted by about the same amount of water and clay in the resulting milk after straining through a sieve add cement, lime putty or plaster. Clay solutions are remarkable in that they can be without changing the properties of long-term storage under wet burlap or sacking. Glinoizvestkovye solution was stored no more than 2-3 days. Glinotsementnye solutions should be used prior to the cement setting, ie, no later than 1-2 hours after mixing with water, clay and plaster - for 5 minutes. Plastering mortar should be well coupled with the finished surface. A simple check on the clutch make it. Brick immersed in water for 5-7 minutes. Wet brick is laid flat on a table, around a brick box set 2 cm above the upper surface of the brick. A brick, in a frame, put mortar mixture and the bayonets of 25 times the metal core diameter of 10 - 12 mm. Excess solution is removed and the frame and brick put on a header for 5 minutes. If after this solution will not slide, put a brick on another jab well for 5 minutes. Mortar with good grip does not slip with brick dies.