Mortars

Solutions. To obtain cost and quality of mortar binder materials are mixed with water with fine aggregate (sand) and special additives. Mortars are divided into the following types: - the density in the dry state - on the heavy (density - 1500 kg/m3, and more) and lightweight (density - less than 1500 kg/m3) - the type of binder materials - cement, lime, gypsum and mixed (lime-cement, lime, gypsum, lime, slag, etc.) - on purpose - for masonry (masonry brick, stone blocks), and special finishing. Denote the numerical composition of the solution by binding agents (clay, lime, cement) and aggregate (sand, screening, etc.). The amount of water needed for eatvoreniya mixture of binder and filler in a ratio does not indicate, as the water in the solution are added depending on the requirements for its density. Simple solutions are made up of one type of binder and filler, compound, or mixed - of two or more kinds of binders (cement, clay, cement and lime) and fillers. Thus, a complex of cement-lime mortar with a ratio of 1:3:15 consists of one part cement, three parts of lime paste and 15 parts sand. In complex solutions, the volume of the main binders conventionally taken as a unit, the remaining components (binders and fillers) are expressed by a number indicating how many parts by volume of these take on one volume part of the main binder. The main binder has a strong astringent properties compared with other substances that are present in that solution. Hence the title complex solutions begins with the name of the main binder. Thus, lime-clay mortar in the structure has two binders - lime and clay. Known for his ability to deal with an astringent, so all other components equate to its volume. Depending on the compressive strength kg/cm2, distinguish the following brands of solutions: 4, 10.25, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 200. In the manufacture of liquor can be assumed about its brand. For this brand binder Tselim the number of parts of sand to be added to one part binder. For example, the cement composition of 1:4 with the brand of cement 400 will be 400:4 = 100. It should be noted that the strength of the solution did not significantly affect the strength of masonry bricks and stones of the correct form, and plaster practically does not bear the load. Solutions as opposed to concrete is placed without a special mechanical seal and thinner layers in most cases the solution was applied to porous substrates (brick, porous natural stone materials) that can suck water out of them. Prepare a quality solution only on the quantitative ratio of binder and filler is not always possible, as this ratio does not reflect the fundamental properties of materials, ie, fat content, brand, amount of impurities, etc. In the individual building to determine the suitability of the solution used by selection or by trial. Thus, the suitability of a clay solution to perform masonry can be determined by the following features. Normally prepared solution is easy to slide a steel trowel or spade and does not spread on it. When rubbing the quality of the solution between the toes felt a layer of sand, but not slippery film of clay with some sand grains. Masonry Mortar in damp places. In cases where you want to clutch the basement or other rooms that need to protect against excessive influence of moisture, it is recommended not particularly expensive solution, which is composed of 2 pieces of wood ash, 3 - clay, one part sand and 1 / 10 of a lead oxide, involved in flax oil and well-frayed. To get a quality solution that provides the necessary strength and durability, one should bear in mind the following: 1) the binder must not have lumps (cement and lime should sift through the net with holes the size of 3x3 mm, the clay is well soaked, stir and strain through a sieve or wire mesh size 3x3 mm), 2) a filler (sand, etc.) should be clean and sifted, and 3) in a dry and hot weather, the foundation upon which is placed a solution or placed material should be moistened (the wall before plastering sprayed, brick and ceramic tiles dipped and kept in water) 4) All components must be mixed to complete homogeneity and density, 5) cement is used within 40-45 minutes after cooking. With longer periods of use it reduces its strength.