Waterproofing materials based on sodium bentonite.

Waterproofing materials based on sodium bentonite. The new high-performance materials (geotextile mats, panels, gidroprokladkah, granules, tubes) used the properties of natural sodium bentonite at full hydration to swell and increase in the amount of B14-16 times. When the space for free swelling in the presence of water, thick gel is formed which prevents further penetration of moisture. This property, as well as non-toxicity and chemical stability, can successfully apply them in the construction and repair of foundations, basements and other underground facilities. For waterproofing of vertical and horizontal surfaces using geotextile mats (Needle cage made of polypropylene fibers, which are placed inside the granules of sodium bentonite) and panel (construction of two layers of biodegradable corrugated cardboard between which are placed pellets of sodium bentonite). For sealing joints of concrete structures used gidroprokladku - a bundle consisting of rubber and sodium bentonite. The most popular section gidroprokladki 2,5 x1, 5 cm insulation cracks and irregularities in the preparation of surfaces and openings for communication using sodium bentonite pellets. To isolate the joints at the junction of wall and base used tuba, which consists of granules of bentonite placed in soluble plastic film. Panels or mats on the horizontal surfaces are placed on the preparatory lapped screed without securing and exterior vertical surfaces installed lap and shoot in metal dowels, and then backfilled sandy soil with a fiber seal. Benefits of waterproofing on the basis of sodium bentonite: 1) due to the potential of swelling materials are capable of "self-healing", eliminating the slight mechanical damage to the insulation layer or arising out of a crack in the insulated building, 2) properties of the waterproofing does not change over time, and their term of service is not limited to, 3) waterproofing after hydration is a continuous layer of gel without connecting joints, and 4) ease of use and low labor costs (approximately 30% compared to traditionally used materials), 5) environmental cleanliness, and 6) the materials are stable at pH 5-10, resistant to oil, petrol and etc., can withstand an unlimited number of cycles of "freeze-thaw" and "hydration-dehydration; 7) the possibility of packing materials at any time, and virtually all weather conditions. Mineral wool - a thermal insulation material made of inorganic materials. Consists of a thin vitreous fibers. The use of pure loose mineral wool is difficult because of specific deficiencies. During transportation and storage, it is compacted and crumples, part of fibers breaks down and turns into dust. Therefore, the mineral wool is processed into products: mats, semi-rigid and rigid plates on synthetic or bituminous binder. Fibrolitnye plate, and insulating foams - it's mostly solid plate materials, it is difficult flammable and moisture. Foam glass is produced in the form of blocks of cellular porous structure and is used for insulation of walls, floors and roofs. Felt is used for thermal insulation of walls bruschatyh and log homes. He is a good insulator. Fiber felt in different sizes and thickness are made from the wool of lower grades or mineral fiber. To not destroyed eaten, it is treated with 3-percent solution of sodium fluoride or formalin. Felt is still impregnated with bitumen or tar. Oakum (hemp and flax waste) is used for caulking wooden frame and seal cracks in windows and doorways. Treated with antiseptics or resin tow is a long time. Tsenopolistirol and polyurethane foam is produced in the form of rigid and flexible blocks, plates and sheets. They are recommended as thermal insulation and sound insulation gaskets and sealants in the joints of panels, the arches of windows and doors. Among the distinguished group of insulation materials dry. This slag, expanded clay, perlite, and slag, etc. before using sifted through a sieve first with cells no bigger than 5x5 mm. Very large pieces of slag (20 mm) is not recommended. Fine slag screen out, because it reduces the insulating properties of backfill. Slag is used for backfill must be completely dry. Wetted slag dries very long time, which can lead to fungus. Slag for concrete and mortar should be prepared accordingly. Importantly - to reduce the sulfur content in it, which must not exceed 1,5%. Such an amount of sulfur does not affect the cement or rebar. Higher sulfur content affects the quality of products. Sulfur is removed from the slag, as long as possible soaking it in the open air. In this well-watered regularly slag with water, but first it is recommended to remove impurities from it, especially hyaline, and bits of unburned coal. It is better to pour the slag layer 5 or 10 cm on a level surface. The thinner the layer, the better. After keeping the slag in a few months, but rather, his dried, if necessary, pulverized and sifted through a sieve, if it is used as filler in plaster. LECA - is expanded porous material in the form of gravel, received a boost firing fusible clays Bulk weight (brand) - 150-800 kg/m3. Expanded clay produced mainly as a filler for lightweight concrete, but is widely used as a bulk thermal insulation material. Sealing and sealing polymer building materials (tapes and gaskets in various fields, mastic) is used in the joints of structural elements (walls, floors, windows, doors, partitions) to protect from moisture, drafts, dust, and sounds.