Portrait of linoleum from nature

When it comes to repairs, I hold the position: the walls and ceiling can alter, and the floor needs to be done once and for all. And the second: floor in the apartment must be made of natural materials. Do not have no urgent need to force yourself to live in any chemistry. Natural materials for the floor is not so much on the fingers of one hand can be counted. By increasing the price of linoleum obtain such a sequence. The first place is a natural linoleum. When it comes to repairs, I hold the position: the walls and ceiling can alter, and the floor needs to be done once and for all. And the second: floor in the apartment must be made of natural materials. Do not have no urgent need to force yourself to live in any chemistry. Natural materials for the floor is not so much on the fingers of one hand can be counted. By increasing the price of linoleum obtain such a sequence. The first place is a natural linoleum. Its price is around 15 $ / sq.m. plus ten more for styling. Total floor turnkey cost of 25, maximum $ 30 per square meter. Then we go tile: after all, made of clay and easily falls into our list. Here we must rely on figures ranging from $ 20. But in fact, beautiful high quality floor tiles will cost around $ 30 / sqm. To this we must add about $ 10 per sq.m. for stacking. It's already $ 40. Somewhere nearby - a woolen carpet. But something to me it seemed too natural. I suspect that it, like in the woods, all kinds of live bacteria, microbes, and insects. Plus, dirt and dust, and eternal possession cookie crumbs, ashes from cigarettes and other household waste.

Packed and groomed carpets

Carpets have a number of advantages: they are relatively inexpensive, beautiful and yet very practical. Designers recommend changing them every 3-5 years. For a change. Today we introduce you to the existing modes of presentation. Selecting the method of installation depends on the basis of carpet, functional purpose room where the carpet is laid, the frequency of its use and condition of the floor. Before you begin laying the carpet, floor pre-align with various leveling compounds. Carpeting have several advantages: they are relatively inexpensive, beautiful and yet very practical. Designers recommend changing them every 3-5 years. For a change. Today we introduce you to the existing modes of presentation. Selecting the method of installation depends on the basis of carpet, functional purpose room where the carpet is laid, the frequency of its use and condition of the floor. Before you begin laying the carpet, floor pre-align with various leveling compounds. In addition, to increase the service life, good appearance and improve heat and sound insulation qualities of coating is recommended to use the so-called "backing". Substrate can be felt, polyurethane foam and other materials. It is important that the substrate was sufficiently dense - not less than 5-10 mm. Here are ways to mount carpet. Free installation without fixation method of free spreading of carpet is relevant in xpol (an area of ??25 square meters. M). This is the easiest and cheapest way. It lies in the fact that the carpet is fixed only on the perimeter and along the junction of double-sided adhesive tape.

Seamless Floors (liquid) of polymeric materials

Self-leveling screed (this monolithic flooring, running from mobile samorastekayuschihsya polymer-sealant on pre-prepared base or screed. Depending on the type of resin, the compositions are divided into epoxy, polyurethane, acrylic (PMMA-based) and polyester. By changing the composition, varying the thickness coating can be, depending on the requirements for the coatings are abrasion-resistant, durable, elastic, decorative and durable coating with a number of specific qualities: quiet operation, chemical resistant, hygienic, easy care and others. - Epoxy (based on the reactive groups), self-leveling floors are used in areas with tyazhelogruzhenym transportation, travel, corridors for trucks, etc., that is to be exposed to considerable mechanical stress. minimal shrinkage, good adhesion to the ground floor, the mechanical strength and high resistance to chemical attack allows you to use epoxy resin as a binder for devices such floors. The most widely used two-component epoxy water-soluble composition. - Polyurethane poured floors are resistant to abrasion, mechanical and chemical (especially acids, oils and gasoline) exposure. These floors are slip resistant to the action of bacteria and fungi, have no smell. Polyurethane composite formulations represent two, sometimes three-component system containing the basis of reactive oligomers, modifiers, curing agents. products based on polyester resins for solid flooring (resin + fine-grained quartz sand). Curing time - a few hours. The surface of the solid floor and dry, allowing the next day walk on it, ride the lifts, etc.

Defects in the device self-leveling floors, and ways to address them

Defects in the device self-leveling floors and solutions Defects: peel, small indentation resistance, grains on the surface, peeling of the film, different color layers, cracks, expansion joints of plates, the roughness in the form of orange peel or goose skin whitening pastes, long netverdenie coverage. Flaking of the coating from the base occurs when the paste was applied to crude from oil, dust, moisture basis. Correction: the film raised, sanded and glued. Grains on the surface might appear from the use of dirty or crude tools. Correction: the surface of iron the grinding wheel and cause a new layer. Peeling of the coating film, the appearance of cracks on it, if paste was applied to wet or dusty ground or thick. Correction: the film raised, sanded and glued. The appearance of roughness in the form of orange peel or goose skin may occur if applied too viscous paste, not giving a good filling, or covering with a thin layer. Correction: to reduce the viscosity of the mastic and increase its bed. Sometimes on the surface of the coating may be whitening. This happens if the sealant was too runny and delamination occurred, or was used mastic residue located in the discharge tank. Correction: make a paste viscosity needed. Long netverdenie floor surface may be in the following cases: no ventilation, violated the dosage, low air temperature. Humidity of the concrete cement-sand screed (R = 15-20 MPa) should not exceed 4%. Humidity is verified as follows: plastic film value of 1 m2 is attached tightly to the floor and, if the floor beneath the film a day after it went dark, it means that the base is still too crude to meet the mass or solvent-based coating.

Advice and guidance on the selection of warm floors

No matter where you live, in a standard studio apartment or a comfortable cottage, equally want to create maximum comfort and cosiness of your own home. One of the main such indicators is above room temperature. This is especially true of sex. Very unpleasant to step on the cold tile or flooring, we have to look for slippers or wear wool socks. Thus, the cold floor creates a sense of discomfort. To solve this problem and created heated floors - heated floors. Wherever you live, in a standard studio apartment or a comfortable cottage, equally want to create maximum comfort and convenience your own home. One of the main such indicators is above room temperature. This is especially true of sex. Very unpleasant to step on the cold tile or flooring, we have to look for slippers or wear wool socks. Thus, the cold floor creates a sense of discomfort. To solve this problem and created heated floors - heated floors. Underfloor heating is the most convenient form of heating, at which the uniform heating of the air. It is advantageous to conventional radiators, since as a heating device performs the entire floor surface. As a result of clean heat is distributed around the perimeter of the premises. Floor heating is of two types: water and electric. The system of Radiant floor heating elements are metal and plastic pipes with circulating hot water. Heat transfer occurs from the hot water floor, and from it - heated room. Radiant Floor Heating is more economical to operate, but more expensive at installation as compared to electric.

How to care for sex. Caring for elastic coatings

The impact of negative factors, despite the fact that a smooth and durable surface elastic coating that determines their relatively high resistance to aggressive environments, these flooring materials also have "enemies". Despite the negative impact of factors that is smooth and durable surface coating determines the elastic of their relatively high resistance to aggressive environments, these floor materials also have "enemies". The most powerful destructive effect on the elastic has abrasive. Once on the surface of the soles of our shoes, along with street dirt, abrasive particles act like sandpaper, repeatedly accelerating deterioration of the flooring. As a rule, on the road surface elastic coating during manufacture applied protective film. In heterogeneous PVC coverings prestigious brands have a thin protective layer, usually formed of solid polyurethane film, the linoleum as a "guardian angel" is usually the acrylate composition. Surface protection is designed to enhance the durability of the coating and simultaneously make it immune to contamination. Abrasive particles destroying the protective film and increase the roughness of the floor surface, thereby increasing its wear and increasing the capacity for adhesion with other pollutants, have domestic origins. Therefore, on the floor, damaged grit, stains from red wine, coffee, intensely colored sauces, etc. Those elastic coating, the production technology does not provide for applying a protective layer, are deteriorating even faster.

Parquet: tenderness - a pledge of strength

Em> Parquet, like any luxury item, not only requires a one-time investments, but constant care. Mature charwoman, elozyaschaya wet mop over the floor, remained in the happy past. Funds for the care of parquet now hardly less than the human makeup. But, to your floor feast for the eyes for many years, simply follow some simple rules. First of all, remember: the wood - live material, and your flooring is very sensitive to any change in the environment. Parquet, like any luxury item, not only requires a one-time investments, but constant care. Mature charwoman, elozyaschaya wet mop over the floor, remained in the happy past. Funds for the care of parquet now hardly less than the human makeup. But, to your floor feast for the eyes for many years, simply follow some simple rules. First of all, remember: the wood - live material, and your flooring is very sensitive to any change in the environment. The optimum humidity in the room with wooden floors - about 50%, and temperature - plus 18-23 degrees. Incidentally, these are the options are ideal for human health, and houseplants. The reality, alas, is far from perfect. And if you treat your wood floor in all seriousness, you can not do without a hygrometer. Air conditioners, fans, humidifiers also not be superfluous. By the way, many of today's models not only moisturize, but also purify the air in the apartment. Direct benefits to all members of the household. Particular attention should be paid to protect flooring from moisture.

Paul calls for completeness

Well, finally something has happened - you have changed the floor covering. Left to do the final touch - set the plinth. Today, manufacturers offered models with different performance characteristics. The rich color palette allows the buyer to purchase a product just for his room. Well, finally something has happened - you have changed the floor covering. Left to do the final touch - set the plinth. Today, manufacturers offered models with different performance characteristics. The rich color palette allows the buyer to purchase a product just for his room. However, when choosing decorative strips must be taken into account the fact that they all have different properties, depending on the material of manufacture. Nobility of a tree Perhaps, wooden plinth - the most expensive, so used to demarcate the parquet or laminate floors. Stick it to clean and dry wall. The basis construction consists of solid wood, and cover - veneer. If funds allow, the plinth is made entirely of solid wood. Still held in high esteem oak, ash, cherry and other species. In some models, provided the grooves for the cable. All wood products are durable and long life. However, in fairness it should be noted and disadvantages. Chief among them is the high cost. The most serious competitor to the wooden plinth is their plastic counterpart, which is cheaper. Lightweight synthetic plastic moldings are made of rigid foam PVC and use of coatings, differing not fabulous price (eg, linoleum or carpet). Almost all kinds of items consist of two parts: a fastener and the front.

Floor installation. Basics of technology

Paul builders are among the main elements that determine thermal comfort, hygiene and aesthetics of the room. In the last article I told you about the different types of floors. But to be more precise, in her speech was about flooring. They, figuratively speaking, only the tip of the iceberg when compared with an iceberg floor. Two-thirds of an iceberg is hidden from our eyes under water. And under any floor covering is hidden from our eyes is a very important part of the floor, about which many people do not realize. Paul builders are among the main elements that determine thermal comfort, hygiene and aesthetics of the room. In the last article I told you about the different types of floors. But to be more precise, in her speech was about flooring. They, figuratively speaking, only the tip of the iceberg when compared with an iceberg floor. Two-thirds of an iceberg is hidden from our eyes under water. And under any floor covering is hidden from our eyes is a very important part of the floor, about which many people do not realize. Floor covering - it is the most intensively exploiting surface areas, simply because we walk on it. No walls, no ceiling is not subjected to the intense attack, both the floor and, consequently, its coverage is necessary either to change frequently, or choose for him particularly strong, and therefore the most expensive materials. More so, what are the requirements for the upper layer - floor coverings, and some coverage is better suited for a particular room, you can see by reading the last article.

How to make a perfectly smooth ceiling

Professionals say that the quality of repair is judged primarily on the ceiling. He must be free of blemishes, cracks and impeccably smooth. If you prefer, you can make a perfectly smooth any ceiling. Currently, there are two ways of leveling - the "raw" and "dry" (using the terminology of construction). Professionals say that the quality of repair is judged primarily on the ceiling. He must be free of blemishes, cracks and impeccably smooth. If you prefer, you can make a perfectly smooth any ceiling. Currently, there are two ways of leveling - the "raw" and "dry" (using the terminology of construction). "Crude" method is to apply special mixtures previously prepared surface. The "dry" method involves the use of dry finishing materials - boards, panels, strips, etc. If the maximum difference in height is not more than 5 cm, can be used "raw" mode. When a small drop heights (up to 0,5 cm) you can use the leveling putty smear on the ceiling and giving it to dry, grind fine-grained sandpaper. If the altitude difference is 2 - 3 cm, a filler can not do, and will first have to put a reinforcing net (to impose a "bandage"). The grid is of two types: metal and paint. Paint (also called serpyanku) is similar to a medical bandage or gauze to the ceiling it is attached with glue PVA or other adhesives, the main thing - to mesh well behaved on the ceiling and plaster sticking to it. In recent years, the market appeared Adhesive serpyanka.

On the floor - carpet!

Most people, at least once involved in the repair of the apartment or any other room, know what is in first place finish of ceilings and walls. And sex is always the last place. Nevertheless, decide what floor covering you want to lay you need before beginning repairs. After all, sex takes on the biggest burden. And at the same time he must remain a beautiful, easy to clean and resistant to wear as long as possible Most people, at least once participated in the repair of an apartment or any other room, know what is in first place finish of ceilings and walls. And sex is always the last place. Nevertheless, decide what floor covering you want to lay you need before beginning repairs. After all, sex takes on the biggest burden. And at the same time he must remain a beautiful, easy to clean and resistant to wear as long as possible. Carpet Carpet, also referred to as carpet, flooring is fast, ease of use and comfort, this carpet fabric, manufactured in a roll. His laid wall to wall, under the baseboard. By changing the texture of the pile, you can get different kinds of carpeting. Carpet with a nap in the form of loops called loop. If a loop pile cut or trim, it turns out carpet with split hair. In the same grade of carpet can be a loop, and split hair. Split hair less durable than loop. This is because the tips of the villi exposed and razlohmachivayutsya "walking on carpet. The structure of the carpet includes the following layers: a nap, a primary basis, the anchor layer, the lower base.

Why is insulation of floors?

Floors play an important role in keeping the heat inside the buildings. In a typical home heat loss through the floors without insulation may reach 20% of the total heat loss, as through uninsulated floors heat is transferred into the soil in an unheated room and into the surrounding space. In addition to reducing heat loss, insulation floor allows more efficient use of heat. Obtained thus saving energy helps to reduce both the cost of heating and environmental pollution. The temperature at the surface of the floor is the main factor determining the degree of comfort of the room. Temperature conditions of the human body requires that the temperature on the inner surfaces of the room was not lower the air temperature inside the building for more than 2 °. If we consider that the cause of the loss of about 50% of our body heat is the heat generation becomes Floors play an important role in keeping the heat inside the buildings. In a typical home heat loss through the floors without insulation may reach 20% of the total heat loss, as through uninsulated floors heat is transferred into the soil in an unheated room and into the surrounding space. In addition to reducing heat loss, insulation floor allows more efficient use of heat. Obtained thus saving energy helps to reduce both the cost of heating and environmental pollution. The temperature at the surface of the floor is the main factor determining the degree of comfort of the room. Temperature conditions of the human body requires that the temperature on the inner surfaces of the room was not lower the air temperature inside the building for more than 2 °.

Repair stucco surfaces

Over time, the surface of the plaster ceiling and wall cracks, stains, sometimes it can be destroyed, especially near the door and window frames, baseboards. The formation of plaster defects may be: poorly prepared base, wrong choice of material and it ended too quick drying of the solution, the effect of temperature fluctuations, frequent moisturizing base under the plaster, a concussion, damage from impact or pressure. Prior to the repair check the clutch of the old plaster from the ground surface by lightly tapping on the plaster with a hammer or a trowel handle. If the grip is fragile, plaster bunit - publishes a rattling sound. In such places, as well as where it was black or stained, the plaster was removed. However, before you do this, we must try to deduce stains with a solution of copper sulfate. Its composition (in grams): copper sulphate - 200-300, 40 per cent soap - 250-270; carpenter's glue - 200-250; linseed oil - 30-40. First, in one liter of water dissolve vitriol, which need enamelware. Then dissolve the glue (the rate of 100 grams per liter of water) and add the soap and varnish. Derived compounds and mix thoroughly before use dilute with water in a ratio of 1:10. Contaminated site was treated with primer three - four times. If the stain is removed failed to paint over zinc white. Grease stains can be removed with detergent, and if it does not work, rub the stain with gasoline or turpentine. For the repair of plaster applied lime-stucco-mortar (cement can be used only in places with high humidity - bath, toilet, etc.).

Parquet. Rules for the care and maintenance

Storage Recommendations: • Storage of packaged parquet elements are allowed no more than 1 month, subject to the optimum conditions of temperature and humidity (see below). Artistic parquet elements must be placed within 3 days from the date of opening plastic packaging. Storage Recommendations: • Storage of packaged parquet elements are allowed no more than 1 month, subject to the optimum conditions of temperature and humidity (see below). Artistic parquet elements must be placed within 3 days from the date of opening plastic packaging. Humidity, and strain Wood Wood is hygroscopic, meaning it has the property to absorb and release moisture from the environment. Therefore, the moisture content of wood changes with humidity and ambient temperature. When the relative humidity of 50% and a temperature of 20 C the equilibrium moisture content of 9%, with 30% humidity and a temperature of 25 C moisture content of 5%. Rate of change of moisture content of wood depends on the breed. Change in the equilibrium moisture content of wood at 2% (from 9% to 11%) for oak occur within 40 days, and for beech - for 12 days. Wood is an anisotropic material, ie its properties in different directions are not identical. It is fully manifested in the deformation of wood. In the longitudinal direction of change in the size of wood slats less than 10 times than in the cross. For practical purposes, you can use the following approximate relation: when the humidity of parquet planks at 1% of their width varies by about 0.25% (for the slats 60 mm wide deformation is 0.15 mm per 1% change in moisture content of wood.

All to protect the hardwood floor!

Who said we were bad live? Or else I do not like the argument that, well, forever, we are drawn in the wake of an enlightened and progressive in Europe, that all their new items and expensive items reach us even in the form of "second-hand." Not counting yourself rusofilkoy and ardent fan of the claim that we have the best ballet in the world and what we do - one sixth of the land, I piously believe in - something we absolutely get ahead. And just in the sense of well-being. Here are parquet. Knowledgeable people told me that overseas parquet afford only the advanced workers and drummer of the capitalist labor, in one word - people very wealthy. And we have - please. Who said that we live badly? Or else I do not like the argument that, well, forever, we are drawn in the wake of an enlightened and progressive in Europe, that all their new items and expensive items reach us even in the form of "second-hand." Not counting yourself rusofilkoy and ardent fan of the claim that we have the best ballet in the world and what we do - one sixth of the land, I piously believe in - something we absolutely get ahead. And just in the sense of well-being. Here are parquet. Knowledgeable people told me that overseas parquet afford only the advanced workers and drummer of the capitalist labor, in one word - people very wealthy. And we have - please. In the most unpretentious of Khrushchev's "undershirts" freely spreads good oak or beech parquet floor, which the builders laid by our people for free - the good, comrade!

Linoleum

Linoleum - the stuff that was merited recognition specialists worldwide. Environmental cleanliness, bright colors, the variety of collections - the indisputable advantages when selecting flooring. But in Russia, this material is still not known ... Linoleum - the stuff that was merited recognition specialists worldwide. Environmental cleanliness, bright colors, the variety of collections - the indisputable advantages when selecting flooring. But in Russia, this material is still not known ... History of Linoleum - one of the oldest flooring, invented by mankind. The forerunner of linoleum is so called, patented in 1627. Already in the XVIII century it has been used as a floor covering, and the composition of this coating is slightly different from the modern. During the manufacturing process the fabric was applied hot mixture of linseed oil, beeswax, resin, resin and dye. In 1843 he entered into the milled bark of the cork tree, that is, to establish a direct predecessor of modern natural linoleum, Name. The process of manufacturing linoleum gradually improved, becoming more technologically advanced and less expensive. Gradually, some components replaced with linseed oil, flax linseed oil, linoksinom (oxidized linseed oil). Production technology linoksina and floor covering based on this patented Englishman Frederick Walton in 1863. He invented and patented the very name (from the Latin - linseed oil). Industrial production of linoleum was first begun in 1864 in the UK. By the beginning of XX century Russia was a major producer of linoleum, large factories were located in the port cities of Odessa and Riga.

On the floor coverings

For centuries, wood was used as base material for flooring. That's her preference, in most northern countries, and there are many different reasons. First of all, the wood has high strength and low thermal conductivity, helping to save precious heat. Wood Coatings harmless, attached home individuality and unique style, durable and affordable. For centuries, wood was used as base material for flooring. That's her preference, in most northern countries, and there are many different reasons. First of all, the wood has high strength and low thermal conductivity, helping to save precious heat. Wood Coatings harmless, attached home individuality and unique style, durable and affordable. They provide a healthy climate, as the isolated volatile, has antiseptic properties. Floors of wood helps create a special atmosphere in the house: light wood visually expand the space and fill the house with light and darker provide comfort and create an intimate atmosphere. Wood coatings are excellent for home decoration, adding it elegance and sophistication. They are neutral in color, style and texture than the greatly facilitates the task of decorating, choosing furniture and accessories. In addition, wooden floors fully reflect the new direction in design and serve as an excellent complement to any style. Properties of wood coatings depend on characteristics such as moisture, texture and firmness. Other important parameters include the strength of wood, the density and the ability to shrink (swell).

Linoleum flooring

On the basis of the fiberboard is often put synthetic materials. Most often it is linoleum or tile plastikatnye. These materials have enjoyed great success because of its durability and strength. In addition, they maloteploprovodny and beautiful, damp steps, rather burdensome to operate. On the basis of the fiberboard is often put synthetic materials. Most often it is linoleum or tile plastikatnye. These materials have enjoyed great success because of its durability and strength. In addition, they maloteploprovodny and beautiful, damp steps, rather burdensome to operate. Linoleum can be pasted on the floor, and you can just lay, good driving in the corners and under furniture. Sometimes, sheets of linoleum can be very large, so first we must combine them in drawing, crop surpluses, leaving a few inches left, in short, to carve out. When fitting nadrezhte linoleum in angular folds, so it is not his neck. Linoleum - is rolled material. Usually its width - from 1 000 to 2 000 mm, length - 12 to 20 mm and thickness - from 2 to 5 mm. He has a paper or fabric base and is divided into several types - the type used for its production of materials: kolloksilinovy, glyptal, polyvinylchloride, vellum, rubber. Plastikatnye tiles are usually square (150x150 or 300x300). They are, in contrast to the linoleum, require that sticking to the floor. For bonding linoleum can be to cook mastic adhesives and pastes. Oil-cement-chalky paste composed of 36 parts linseed oil, 47 parts of finely ground powder of chalk, 17 parts of portland cement.

Laminate floors - pros and cons

Parquet - craft. Parquet - art. Parquet - mystery ... Each of these allegations - the truth. But at the same time, all of them - only half the truth. Can you unravel the mystery before the end of the parquet floors, to master the craft of laying parquet, algebra believe harmony "parquet art? You never know, because human life is so short, and the history of parquet so long. Exploring technology laying parquet floors, we should first turn to the properties and quality of the parquet. It is very important as dried hardwood floor. The most common methods of drying, which include hot air drying, drying and microwave vacuum drying, only the vacuum - the most gentle and do not create internal stresses in the wood. This, in turn, contributes to the stability of flooring when the humidity and temperature. Parquet - craft. Parquet - art. Parquet - mystery ... Each of these allegations - the truth. But at the same time, all of them - only half the truth. Can you unravel the mystery before the end of the parquet floors, to master the craft of laying parquet, algebra believe harmony "parquet art? You never know, because human life is so short, and the history of parquet so long. Exploring technology laying parquet floors, we should first turn to the properties and quality of the parquet. It is very important as dried hardwood floor. The most common methods of drying, which include hot air drying, drying and microwave vacuum drying, only the vacuum - the most gentle and do not create internal stresses in the wood.

Journey into space parquet floors

Parquet - craft. Parquet - art. Parquet - mystery ... Each of these allegations - the truth. But at the same time, all of them - only half the truth. Can you unravel the mystery before the end of the parquet floors, to master the craft of laying parquet, algebra believe harmony "parquet art? You never know, because human life is so short, and the history of parquet so long. Exploring technology laying parquet floors, we should first turn to the properties and quality of the parquet. It is very important as dried hardwood floor. The most common methods of drying, which include hot air drying, drying and microwave vacuum drying, only the vacuum - the most gentle and do not create internal stresses in the wood. This, in turn, contributes to the stability of flooring when the humidity and temperature. Parquet - craft. Parquet - art. Parquet - mystery ... Each of these allegations - the truth. But at the same time, all of them - only half the truth. Can you unravel the mystery before the end of the parquet floors, to master the craft of laying parquet, algebra believe harmony "parquet art? You never know, because human life is so short, and the history of parquet so long. Exploring technology laying parquet floors, we should first turn to the properties and quality of the parquet. It is very important as dried hardwood floor. The most common methods of drying, which include hot air drying, drying and microwave vacuum drying, only the vacuum - the most gentle and do not create internal stresses in the wood.

Grade flooring and parquet

Parquet - a natural, durable and environmentally friendly material. Parquet is a wooden plank, or "riveting". Their sizes vary, the only condition that must be observed - is that the length must be divisible by the width of the strip. Massive board is an array of wood used to produce flooring. It is similar to parquet, but the larger format.< Паркет - это натуральный, долговечный и экологически чистый материал. Штучный паркет представляет собой деревянные планки, или «клепки». Их размеры могут меняться, единственное условие, которое необходимо соблюдать - это то, что длина должна быть кратна ширине планки. Массивная доска представляет собой массив древесины, из которого изготавливаются напольные покрытия. Она является аналогом штучного паркета, но большего формата. Паркетная доска является одним из видов напольного покрытия из натуральной древесины, альтернативного натуральному паркету. Основными характеристиками паркетной доски являются надежность, долговечность, а также экономичность в отношении времени и средств, затраченных на укладку. Террасовая нешпунтованная доска предназначена, в основном, для открытых веранд, дорожек и площадок для отдыха. Ламинат не относится к покрытиям из древесины и представляет собой декоративную имитацию дерева, которая наклеивается на пластину МДФ и покрывается прочным составом. Это покрытие служит от 5 до 6 лет и не подлежит ремонту. Сорта паркета На данный момент напольные покрытия представлены огромным разнообразием видов и подразделяются на различные «классы» или «сорта» в зависимости от характеристик пород дерева. Прежде всего, покрытия делят по цвету на светлые и темные. К светлым породам относятся бук, береза, сосна, клен, лиственница и др., а к темным - орех, красное дерево и т.д. Некоторые породы дерева, например, дуб, груша, вишня и бук, могут менять оттенок в зависимости от угла падения света. По характеру распила паркет делят на радиальный, тангенциальный и смешанный. При радиальном распиле годовые кольца располагаются перпендикулярно поверхности планки, что придает покрытию однородный вид. Этот вид распила ценится наиболее высоко. Планки радиального распила однородны по цвету и текстуре древесины, волокна имеют вид параллельных линий. При тангенциальном распиле плоскость разреза проходит по касательной к годичному слою ствола, поэтому на планках тангенциального распила виден рисунок годовых колец, а волокна древесины выглядят как волнообразные линии. При тангенциальном распиле не допускаются пороки или механические повреждения древесины. Каждому типу распила соответствует определенный выход паркета по объему. Наименьший выход паркета получается при радиальном распиле (всего 8-11%), чем и объясняется его высокая стоимость. Выход паркета тангенциального и смешанного распилов значительно больше. Стоит отметить, что такие свойства паркета как твердость или стабильность размеров не зависят от характера распила и приблизительно одинаковы. Паркет также сортируется по характеру и количеству сучков и другим индивидуальным особенностям породы дерева. Существуют и другие классификации покрытий без отбора по распилу. По качеству и текстуре древесины (то есть по рисунку на поверхности древесины, полученному при перерезании волокон годичных слоев) покрытия делят на сорта: премиум (радиальный, тангенциальный), селект, стандарт, натур и рустик и др. Премиум принадлежит к высшему сорту. К нему относят только отборную древесину, не имеющую каких-либо пороков. В зависимости от видов распила подразделяется на сорта «радиал селект», «радиальный» и «тангенциальный». К радиальному сорту относятся покрытия только радиального распила, при котором плоскость распила проходит через радиус ствола или 60 градусов перпендикулярно оси, причем наклон волокон (отклонение направления волокон от продольной оси материала ) составляет не более 20 градусов. Сердцевинные лучи составляют не более 30%(порокам древесины сердцевинные лучи не относятся). Рисунок на планках в виде параллельных линий, что придает полу особую гладкость. Покрытия этого сорта однородны по тону и плотности. На лицевой поверхности не допускаются сучки, трещины, кора, червоточины от насекомых, заболонь (наружные молодые слои древесины, которые отличаются от внутренней части (ядра) более светлой окраской и меньшей механической прочностью), а также разноцветность древесины на одной планке. Кроме радиального, можно также встретить сорт под названием «радиал селект», паркет высшего сорта только радиального распила. Он обладает ровной текстурой и не имеет сердцевинных лучей или «перламутра» на лицевой поверхности. Пороки и механические повреждения также не допускаются. Тангенциальный (или «тангенциал») - высший сорт покрытий тангенциального распила. Он является менее дорогим по сравнению с радиальным, поскольку на его лицевой стороне видны годичные кольца. Волокна древесины располагаются поперечно стороне планки. В нем также не допускаются ни природные, ни производственные пороки древесины. На лицевой стороне не допускается наличие сучков, трещин, коры и следов от насекомых. На внутренней стороне паркета могут присутствовать сучки. Направление волокон при данном виде распила не ограничено. Отклонение от продольной плоскости до 6 мм. Сорт "селект" (или «эксквизит») близок к радиальному, но в нем допускается небольшое искривление волокон (до 20% на лицевой части). Он равномерен по структуре и цвету; заболонь, сучки, механические повреждения не допускаются. Идеальное решение для тех, кто не предъявляет чересчур высоких требований к качеству покрытий, поскольку по качеству лишь в незначительной степени отличается от радиального или тангенциального сортов. «Стандарт» («структур», «премьер» или «экстра») относится к покрытиям первого сорта, хотя может содержать пороки, не допускающиеся в первом классе. На лицевой стороне покрытия не допускаются сросшиеся сучки, маленькие, черные и выпадающие сучки (не более 20 мм длиной), желтизна, заболонь, отщепы, расколы, срывы и выщерблины. Допускается кора (не более 10 мм), а также следы от насекомых, маленькие трещины и незначительный сбой по цвету. Наклон волокон не учитывается. В данном классе не делается различия по характеру распила. Также выделяют сорт «натур» (также «вариант» или «натуральный»), обладающий натуральным рисунком древесины. В нем могут присутствовать планки как радиального, так и тангенциального распила. Допускается наличие заболони (не более 20%), сучков диаметром до 3 мм, прожилок. Не допускаются желтизна, механические повреждения, выпадающие сучки (не более 1 шт.), сколы, выщерблены и трещины. Допускается разноцветность древесины на одной планке и наличие сердцевидных лучей. Сорт «рустик» (или «рустикал») соответствует первой категории качества и является самым доступным по цене по сравнению с предыдущими сортами. В этом сорте допускаются пороки, отсутствующие в предыдущих категориях: перепады цвета в тонах древесины, значительный переход по цвету, темные и светлые сучки диаметром до 5 мм, черные, выпадающие сучки (более 20 мм), трещины, заболонь (не более 10% от объема), а также вырывы не более 1.5 мм. Не допускаются пороки от насекомых. Кроме вышеперечисленных разновидностей выделяют сорт «авангард», представляющий собой клееный массив. Он не имеет пороков и сочетает лучшие характеристики как массивной, так и паркетной доски. Он обладает прекрасным внешним видом и отличными механическими свойствами. Паркет, относящийся к четвертому сорту, включает в себя все пороки дерева. На лицевой стороне допускаются сучки любых размеров в неограниченном количестве, трещины, возникнувшие при производстве, а также природные трещины, пороки от насекомых допустимы в неограниченном количестве. Сорт "классик" - этот паркет допускает значительный перепад по тону, преимущественно тангенциальный распил, допускаются здоровые сучки до 5 мм. Сорт "пронто-паркет" пока еще не получил широкого распространения на российском рынке и является довольно редким. Он представляет собой многослойный штучный паркет, отшлифованный и покрытый несколькими слоями лака. По российским стандартам, в зависимости от качества, породы и обработки древесину подразделяют на категории А и Б. Планки категории А относят к высшему сорту. В этой категории допускаются сросшиеся сучки на лицевой (1 шт. диаметром до 15 мм) и на обратной (до 10 мм) стороне. Планки категории А изготавливаются из дуба и тропических пород дерева, плотность которых при влажности 25% не должна превышать 600 кг/м3. В категории А допускаются сросшиеся светлые и темные сучки на лицевой поверхности (не более 5 мм), на оборотной стороне не более 5 мм, трещины глубиной не более 1 мм. К первой категории Б относят планки, на которых также допускается наличие сучков (на лицевой поверхности - 3 шт. до 15 мм, на изнаночной не ограниченное количество). Не допускается заболонь и нездоровые сучки. Планки этой марки делают из дуба, бука, ясеня и других, а также из тропических пород дерева. Допускаются светлые сучки длиной не более 15 мм (не более 3 шт.), количество сучков на оборотной стороне не ограничивается. Трещины на лицевой стороне допускаются глубиной не более 5 мм. Наклон волокон в категориях А и Б не допускается более 5% и не учитывается в планках лиственных пород. В планках хвойных пород допускается не более 10%. Наличие сердцевины не допускается на лицевой стороне. Пятнистость не допускается на лицевой стороне и не ограничивается на оборотной стороне. На лицевой стороне не допускаются червоточины, сколы, отщепы, вырывы и ожоги. Сорта массивной и паркетной доски Также как и паркет, массивная и паркетная доска представлена практически аналогичными сортами, в зависимости от фактуры и характеристик древесины. По характеру распила массивная и паркетная доска также делится на две категории: Радиальный распил имеет наклон волокон в радиальной поверхности, обладает ровной, без сучков структурой и не имеет дефектов на лицевой стороне. Среди досок, относящихся к классу А только 10% составляют доски с сучками на лицевой стороне. Подбор и сортировка по цвету в классе «А» не производится. Массивная и паркетная доска пола тангенциального распила (разрез проходит по касательной к годичному слою ствола) представлена различными вариациями цвета и ярко выраженной текстурой. Не допускаются сучки на лицевой стороне (не более 10%). Подбор и сортировка по цвету в классе «А» не производится. Массивная доска представлена следующими сортами: 1. К сорту «радиал» относится доска высшей категории только радиального распила. Она характеризуется равномерностью цвета и текстуры. Допускается незначительный наклон волокон (до 30 градусов) и наличие сучков не более 5 мм. Не допускаются сколы, трещины, червоточины, заболонь и другие пороки древесины. 2. К сорту «селект» относят массивную доску высшей категории качества тангенциального распила. Ей свойственна относительно ровная текстура и однородный цвет с незначительными изменениями. Допускаются светлые сучки диаметром не боле 5 мм. Не допускаются заболонь, сколы, темные сучки другие пороки. 3. К сорту «натур» относят массивную доску радиального и тангенциального распилов. Допускаются перепады цвета, мелкие трещины (до 10 мм), светлые сучки (до 30 мм) и темные сучки (до 3 мм), незначительная заболонь. Не допускаются сколы, механические повреждения и резкие перепады по цвету. 4. Сорт «кантри» включает массивную доску радиального и тангенциального распилов. Допускаются перепады по цвету, светлые сучки (до 50 мм), сквозные сучки (до 5 мм), трещины. Не допускаются механические повреждения, которые невозможно устранить при шлифовке. Паркетная доска делится на категории А и Б. Сорт А : Требования к паркетным доскам марки А соответствуют требованиям высшей категории качества. В категории А не допускаются светлые сучки, сросшееся и частично сросшиеся сучки, трещины, наклон волокон более 5%, силеватость, завитки, заболонь, отщепы, сколы, выщербины на лицевой стороне. Сорт В : В категории Б на лицевой стороне не допускаются сросшиеся и частично сросшиеся сучки, отщепы, сколы, выщербины и заболонь. Наклон волокон в лиственных породах не учитывается, в хвойных допускается не более 10%. Планки для паркетных досок марки Б изготовляют из древесины дуба, бука, ясеня, остролистного клена, береста (карагача), вяза, ильма, каштана, граба, березы, сосны, лиственницы, а также модифицированной древесины с показателями эксплуатационных и физико-механических свойств, не уступающими древесине перечисленных пород. Сорта импортного паркета Импортный паркет отличается от отечественного большим разнообразием пород дерева, от дуба и клена до экзотических пород красного дерева (мербау, кемпас, меранта и т.д.). Заграничный паркет представлен следующими сортами: эксквизит, тренд, тундра, гест, тера, классик, антик, маркант и др. Основой деления заграничного паркета на сорта является рисунок на поверхности планки. Сорт «селект» включает планки только радиального распила, однородные по цвету и фактуре. Для покрытий сорта «натур» характерны небольшие сучки, неравномерность цвета без резких переходов и отсутствие заболони. «Классик» отличается текстурированным рисунком, а «универсал» - меняющийся рисунок и наличие небольшого количества сучков. Сорт «тренд» характеризуется натуральным цветом и фактурой, наличием смешанного типа волокон, оживляет помещение и элегантен на вид. Допускается наличие небольших сучков на лицевой стороне. Сорт «тера» отличается средним количеством сучков, натуральными переходами цвета и смешанным характером волокон. В зависимости от характера распила выделяют сорт «гест», представленный планками смешанного распила. Сорт «рустикал» допускает наличие сучков (1 шт. на планку) и не допускает наличие заболони. Сорт «маркант» допускает наличие черных сучков (диаметр менее 1 см). В некоторых странах сорт «эксквизит» выделяют в отдельную категорию. Он равномерен по структуре и цвету, представлен в нейтральной цветовой гамме и выгодно подчеркивает окружение. Покрытия сорта «кантри» подойдут для ценителей дерева. Эти впечатляющие на вид покрытия отличаются более темной сердцевиной и помогают добиваться особого визуального эффекта в помещении. Кроме вышеперечисленных, в некоторых классификациях выделяют сорта «кинг», «натур», «голд», «амбиент», «эксклюзив», элегант», «фаворит», «роял», «эконом» и др. Сорт «Кинг» характеризуется наличием как прямых, так и изогнутых волокон. Обладает естественным переходом цветов. На одной планке допускается наличие нескольких оттенков, что обеспечивает покрытию натуральный вид. В зависимости от индивидуальных характеристик породы, могут присутствовать небольшие сучки. Сорт «натура» отличается натуральным внешним видом и добавляет полу естественности за счет большого контраста цветов, присутствия небольшого количества сучков, вкраплений, мелких трещин и червоточин, в зависимости от индивидуальных характеристик пород дерева. Сорт «голд» характеризуется равномерностью цвета и фактуры и особенно подходит тем, кто ищет единообразия в стиле. В сорте «амбиент» преобладают волнистые волокна, за счет чего достигается естественный натуральный вид. Возможны вариации в цвете, допускаются небольшие сучки. Источник: Сайт компании «Сибирский мастер»

Lucky for the protection of flooring: assortment, quality and price conditions

In recent years the Russian market of building materials has increased sharply for sale piece, panels and laminated flooring. There was a lot of companies that sell flooring, parquet, and service providers to conduct parquet works. Particularly increased range of flooring, as manufactured in Russia (including imported equipment), and imported, especially from exotic wood species. It should be noted that the laying of flooring, especially artistic, requires a set of operations, of which the ultimate is the varnishing. Lucky for the protection of surface flooring (parquet lacquers) are the most widely used in the practice of construction works. In recent years the Russian market of building materials has increased sharply for sale piece, panels and laminated flooring. There was a lot of companies that sell flooring, parquet, and service providers to conduct parquet works. Particularly increased range of flooring, as manufactured in Russia (including imported equipment), and imported, especially from exotic wood species. It should be noted that the laying of flooring, especially artistic, requires a set of operations, of which the ultimate is the varnishing. Lucky for the protection of surface flooring (parquet lacquers) are the most widely used in the practice of construction works. Until relatively recently, was considered as fashionable oak flooring, regularly rub paste. But with the advent of modern matte and semi-gloss varnish, preserving the parquet design, as well as reliable, waterproof and durable polyurethane varnish, floor varnish coating applied almost everywhere.

Flooring: laminate

Which only types of flooring or invented in recent times - linoleum, carpet, deck, raised floors, etc. etc. Still, the most attractive for owners of apartments, houses, offices remains the word "parquet" (translated from the French "bar"). Miniature plates Which only species of flooring or invented in recent times - linoleum, carpet, deck, raised floors, etc. etc. Still, the most attractive for owners of apartments, houses, offices remains the word "parquet" (translated from the French "bar"). Miniature plates of some form, carefully fitted together, covered with a special varnish or rubbed to create a beautiful light, durable, warm base in any room. Until recently the natural flooring of different species of tree has not been any serious competitors. However, with many advantages, it had one drawback - a high price. Resourceful person and then find a way out - came up with something very similar to natural parquet, surpassing it in durability and affordable. A new material called laminate flooring, or just a laminate. Laminate - a laminated product made of different materials, reminiscent of a cake, filled with odds and ends. The basis of it - fiber, or HDF, which is composed of recycled wood-related compound. To the floor less rub, instead of plates, wood began to apply a decorative protective coating on the basis of melamine. The result was a decent analog flooring, retaining its main positive quality - ecological purity and specificity of the figure, but a slightly lower cost, increased durability, resistant to scratches and dents.

How to choose a carpet

These sites are in the house are used most intensively, therefore, shall be of a dense, low pile, has good soil-repellent properties. Best for coatings with high entrance hall, corridor, staircase These seats in the house are used most intensively, therefore, shall be of a dense, low pile, has good soil-repellent properties. Best for coating with high density and durability per square meter. You might also consider coatings on rubber base. We recommend you opt for carpeting with a minimum height pile or no. It can be carpeting with color printed design (contemporary design), the tracks with the finished carpet pattern, needle cover on the adhesive or rubber-based, "graphic" scrolls with increased durability. This dining room is great threat to staining, therefore, necessary to cover such a fiber, which are inherently immune to the dyes, has a soil-repellent and waterproof properties. Best for the coating with high rates of weight and density per square meter (1000 g / sq m). Living Room This room is especially heavily used, so the coating must be resistant to common pollution and creasing. For the living room, you can choose elegant artificial carpet with an average height of pile or loop. It is best suited to meet high performance weight and density per square meter (1000 g / sq. M). It can be any to scroll, velours and cut-loop. Bedroom This room is used less intensively, therefore, the requirements for creasing and wear resistance are not as stringent. Significantly antistatic coatings, which will avoid unpleasant electric shocks.

Repair flooring

About how to update the lacquer coating of wooden flooring, which use materials and tools, we asked experts with extensive experience in the restoration of the parquet.< О том, как обновить лаковое покрытие деревянного паркета, какие использовать материалы и инструменты, мы спросили специалистов с большим опытом реставрации паркета. Шлифование паркетаПаркет шлифуют и заново покрывают лаком в среднем раз в пять лет (частота зависит от интенсивности эксплуатации). Не стоит дожидаться, пока лак протрется до древесины, так как оголенные участки дерева темнеют, начинают гнить. Небольшие дефекты можно зачистить шкуркой, зашпаклевать и покрыть лаком, правда, отремонтированные участки будут отличаться по цвету от старого паркета — лучше обновить лаковое покрытие полностью. Удаляют старый лак профессиональными ленточными, а окончательно обрабатывают поверхность угловыми (для труднодоступных мест под радиатором, в углах) и плоскими шлифмашинами — делать это вручную долго и тяжело. Кроме шлифмашин существуют фрезеры для снятия лака. Принципиальное отличие: прибор оснащен металлическими ножами (фрезами), удаляющими лак с верхним слоем дерева. Поэтому после обработки поверхности фрезером все равно требуется шлифовка. К тому же профессиональный фрезер (например, METABO) стоит достаточно дорого (около 500 евро). В продаже имеются бытовые ленточные (цена 2000—3500 руб.) и плоские (от 500 руб.) шлифмашины, но по качеству и скорости обработки эти инструменты уступают профессиональным. У вас есть выбор: реставрировать паркет самому (профессиональное оборудование можно взять напрокат ориентировочно за 20—60 у.е. в сутки плюс залог, равный стоимости машины — 200—300 у.е.) или доверить работу мастерам-паркетчикам (стоит обновление лакового покрытия в среднем 180 руб. за кв. метр). В том и другом случае все расходные материалы (шлифовальная шкурка, шпаклевка, лак) приобретаются отдельно. Плинтусы перед шлифованием лучше снять, чтобы шлифмашина могла подойти вплотную к стенам и удалить старый лак без остатка. Шпаклевание паркетаПосле шлифования царапины и сколы заделывают специальной шпаклевкой под цвет древесины и зачищают отремонтированные участки пола шкуркой. Лак наносят после окончательного высыхания шпаклевки (1—5 часов). Специализированные шпатлевки для дерева (шпаклевки) изготавливают на водной основе (акриловые) или на основе нитрорастворителей. Шпатлевки на водной основе (например, “Пиноколор”, “Белинка” ) практически не имеют запаха, быстро сохнут, но уступают шпатлевкам второго типа по прочности (правда, и стоят они в 2—3 раза дешевле, скажем, “Пиноколор” — 30—40 руб./150 мл, а Plastic Wood (США) — 80 руб. за 118 г). Шпатлевку наносят очень тонким слоем (не больше 1 мм); при необходимости можно нанести еще один, но только после полного высыхания первого. Шпатлевки и лаки на водной основе не рекомендуется использовать для некоторых твердых пород дерева (дуб, каштан, кедр и т.д.), так как на лаковом покрытии могут проступить синевато-белесые пятна. Альтернатива шпатлевкам — специальные воски для реставрации паркета: не дают усадки, полупрозрачные, но стоят значительно дороже (около 124 руб./30 г). Кроме того, с восками нельзя сочетать полиуретановые лаки, иначе отслоится лаковое покрытие. Паркет покрывают специальными паркетными лаками повышенной износоустойчивости на водной основе (акриловые) или на основе искусственных растворителей (полиуретановые, алкидные). Как правило, водные лаки (например, “Текс”) быстрее сохнут, не имеют запаха, не изменяют цвета древесины и разбавляются обычной водой; однако и цена их выше (в среднем на 50 руб./л). Виды паркетных лаковВодоразбавляемые лаки По данным специалистов, в последние годы на рынке стали широко применяться паркетные лаки на основе водных дисперсий акриловых и акрилуретановых полимеров. Эти лаки не содержат органических растворителей и в то же время по своим свойствам не только не уступают органоразбавляемым лакам, но и превосходят многие из них по износостойкости покрытий и устойчивости к моющим средствам. Отсутствие запаха и органических растворителей позволяет использовать водные лаки в больницах, детских учреждениях и других местах скопления людей. Учитывая специфику водных материалов, при лакировке полов с уже имеющимся покрытием особое внимание следует уделить подготовке поверхности. В данном случае пол должен быть тщательно очищен от загрязнений, жира и воска и отшлифован до получения матового покрытия. Пыль от шлифовки нужно удалить пылесосом и вытереть пол влажной тканью без ворса. Если старое покрытие сильно изношено, то пол шлифуется до чистой древесины, и далее все операции проводятся по аналогии с работой по отделке нового паркета. В связи с тем, что нанесение водных лаков на древесину может сопровождаться поднятием ворса, целесообразно после шлифования древесины слегка увлажнить ее и после высыхания вновь отшлифовать. На подготовленную таким образом поверхность паркетных полов наносят водоразбавляемую грунтовку. Грунтовка по сравнению с лаком имеет более высокие сухой остаток и вязкость, поэтому при нанесении на пол она хорошо заполняет микротрещины в паркете и склеивает ворс. Грунтовку наливают на пол и широким стальным шпателем равномерно распределяют по всей поверхности. Делать это следует быстро, чтобы грунтовка равномерно впиталась в древесину. Слой грунтовки очень быстро высыхает (30–60 мин), что ускоряет весь процесс лакирования. Кроме того, новое поколение грунтовок на акрилуретановой основе предотвращают потемнение дубового паркета, в то время как водоразбавляемые лаки (особенно «старый» ассортимент) при взаимодействии с дубильными экстрактами придают полу неприятный темный оттенок. После высыхания первого слоя грунтовку шлифуют мелкой шкуркой, а затем металлическим шпателем наносят еще 1–2 слоя с интервалом 20–40 мин. После высыхания последнего слоя грунтовки можно приступать к нанесению лака. Перед применением лак тщательно перемешивают (особенно если он содержит матирующую добавку) и дают постоять около 10 мин для удаления пузырьков воздуха. При необходимости лак можно разбавить питьевой водой, но не более чем на 5%. Лак наносят широкой кистью с густым мягким волосом или малярным валиком по направлению текстуры древесины или света от окна, не нажимая сильно на инструмент. Валик перед использованием следует промыть водой для удаления пыли и ворса. При нанесении лака следует избегать видимых мест соединений и закруглений. Лаковое покрытие высыхает за 2 ч. Однако подвергать лакированные полы нагрузке рекомендуется после 3–5 суток выдержки при температуре +15–25°С. Полное высыхание лака происходит через 1–2 недели. Низкая температура и высокая влажность замедляют высыхание покрытия и удлиняют время выдержки. Для получения высококачественного покрытия лакирование проводят в 2–3 слоя. Органоразбавляемые лаки В числе традиционных лаков для отделки паркетных и деревянных полов могут быть названы: - алкидные - алкидно-уретановые - эпоксидные - алкидно-карбамидные лаки Алкидные лаки дешевы, легко ремонтируются, входящие в их состав растворители не очень токсичны. Однако алкидные лаки достаточно долго высыхают (около 48 ч), покрытия на их основе имеют не очень высокую износостойкость. Альтернативой алкидным лакам являются алкидно-уретановые лаки (уралкиды), представляющие собой растворы алкидных смол с уретановыми группами в органических растворителях. Уралкидные лаки высыхают быстрее алкидных (время выдержки до нанесения последующего слоя лака составляет 6–12 ч) и обладают значительно более высокой износостойкостью. Лаки кислотного отверждения В состав лаков кислотного отверждения (их еще называют каталитными) входят: смесь алкидной и аминоформальдегидной смол, растворители и различные добавки для улучшения растекаемости. Лаки кислотного отверждения двухупаковочные: вторая упаковка — кислотный отвердитель (раствор сильных органических или неорганических кислот в органическом растворителе). Рабочий состав — смесь лака с отвердителем (обычно их соотношение составляет 10/1) — готовится непосредственно перед нанесением. Смесь следует тщательно перемешать и оставить на 15–20 мин для удаления пузырьков воздуха. Идеальные условия для лакирования: влажность воздуха — не выше 50%, влажность древесины — не более 10%, температура воздуха в помещении — выше +18°С. При работе новые отшлифованные поверхности следует обработать 2 раза нитролаком с промежуточной шлифовкой, а затем нанести лак в 2–3 слоя кистью, широким металлическим или войлочным шпателем. Время высыхания покрытия составляет 1–2 ч, отверждение многослойного покрытия протекает 1–2 суток, в течение которых не рекомендуется находиться в помещении, так как именно в это время наблюдается максимальное испарение растворителей и выделение формальдегида из покрытия. Отверждение ускоряется при хорошем воздухообмене в помещении. Полное отверждение наступает примерно через две недели, когда покрытие приобретает максимальную износостойкость. Лакировка паркетаЛак наносится минимум в три слоя. Чем больше слоев, тем прочнее покрытие. После высыхания каждого слоя (кроме заключительного) для лучшего сцепления последующих вручную зачищают неровности. Сначала кистью проходят все труднодоступные места, около стен, в углах, а затем наносят лак на поверхность велюровым валиком, желательно вдоль древесных волокон. Следует иметь в виду, что при окраске паркета лаками кислотного отверждения требуется обеспечивать хорошую вентиляцию воздуха в помещении, а также по возможности применять средства защиты дыхания. Внимание: при использовании лака запрещается курить и пользоваться открытым огнем. Категорически запрещается сливать лак в канализацию!

What is laminate flooring and how to work with him

Before we delve into the story of this material is to clarify the terminology. The term "laminate" is brief, but slightly inaccurate. Lamination, ie, deposition on the surface of the plastic film may be subjected to a variety of materials: from paper or cardboard to even chipboard and steel sheets. Other sustainable phrase "laminate" even more unfortunate: first, it is - no flooring, and secondly, this is not laminated flooring - its just varnish. Before we delve into the story of this material is to clarify the terminology. The term "laminate" is brief, but slightly inaccurate. Lamination, ie, deposition on the surface of the plastic film may be subjected to a variety of materials: from paper or cardboard to even chipboard and steel sheets. Other sustainable phrase "laminate" even more unfortunate: first, it is - no flooring, and secondly, this is not laminated flooring - its just varnish. Perhaps the most correct should recognize the name "laminate floor" (somewhat cumbersome, but fairly accurate). The first laminate flooring was made in the mid 80-ies, in Sweden. Today is the youngest floor takes more than 10% of the global market for all genders. What is the difference between laminate flooring from the usual parquet? The answer is short: everything! And above all - design and material properties. In appearance laminate is a thin sheet 7-11 mm, a length of 100-140 and a width of about 20 cm, the edges are equipped with spines and grooves for joining with each other.

Paul "The nature»

First of hardwood floors appeared in the XVIII century. Progenitor flooring can be considered a simple wooden floor, which, in comparison with other types of floor coverings, has the principal advantage: it was warm. After all, no stone or ceramic floors in this regard could not replace the first floor hardwood floors appeared in the XVIII century. Progenitor flooring can be considered a simple wooden floor, which, in comparison with other types of floor coverings, has the principal advantage: it was warm. After all, no stone or ceramic floors in this regard could not replace the wooden floor plank main drawback was its monotony, because of the board, even well vystrogannoy and paint coating, it is impossible to build a floor that is comparable in beauty with a mosaic. Here then was born the idea to divide the board on geometric plates, from which one could add various options. When eventually learned to create a hardwood floor with different types of wood, then the light came true works of art ... TYPES Parquet is divided into two major subspecies: the radial and tangential. Visually, they differ from each other by drawing on the cut: the tangential sawing pattern of annual rings of wood waves, the radial - a cut looks like a straight longitudinal lines. Depend on the method of cutting such important properties of the flooring, as resistance to moisture, the strain and wear. In the parquet radial cut these parameters are generally higher than that of tangential, but the radial cut is only 10-15% of the total flooring available on the market, and is therefore more expensive.

Laying floor tiles

Before installing. Facing the floor tiles, though considered expensive type of finish, but the beauty and practicality is more than offset the costs. The magnificence and diversity of tiles pushed to the solution on their own oblitsevat toilet, bathroom and kitchen. This desire is understandable and economically feasible. The main thing for the beginner - to adhere strictly to a number of requirements for most tile and the base on which it will be pasted. Prior to installation. Facing the floor tiles, though considered expensive type of finish, but the beauty and practicality is more than offset the costs. The magnificence and diversity of tiles pushed to the solution on their own oblitsevat toilet, bathroom and kitchen. This desire is understandable and economically feasible. The main thing for the beginner - to adhere strictly to a number of requirements for most tile and the base on which it will be pasted. The first step is to carefully check and prepare the ground. Most problems can be avoided if the ground will be clean, dry, smooth, with sufficient bearing capacity. When choosing tile, except for a beautiful appearance, it is necessary to pay attention to its properties. First of all, you need to check whether it has the same coloring and pattern. Also important is "Geometry" tiles, the deviation of its size from the manufacturer, the squareness, the correct form. Ceramic floor tiles it is important that criterion, as abrasion resistance, and when laying the tiles outside the building - frost.

How to choose the artificial carpet

Before you buy an artificial carpet, decide you need it for 5-6 years, or the "rest of my life." Undecided? Now ask your dealer or look on the label, from which the fiber is made of carpet. If it's nylon (polyamide), it will last a long time (10-15 years at least). And if the polypropylene, the period of his service is less than (5 - 8 years). Pay particular attention to the density of the carpet (in principle, it should be indicated on the price list, but if this information is not available, ask the seller). The denser the carpet, so it is durable and the harder it hurting the pile. Before purchasing an artificial carpet, decide you need it for 5-6 years, or the "rest of my life." Undecided? Now ask your dealer or look on the label, from which the fiber is made of carpet. If it's nylon (polyamide), it will last a long time (10-15 years at least). And if the polypropylene, the period of his service is less than (5 - 8 years). Pay particular attention to the density of the carpet (in principle, it should be indicated on the price list, but if this information is not available, ask the seller). The denser the carpet, so it is durable and the harder it hurting the pile. For public buildings should be chosen with the greatest density of carpet for the hallway in the apartment quite get away from the average, and can be purchased for the bedroom and not very dense carpet. But keep in mind that with increasing density, lint price is also rising. Another important point - a way to dye yarn.

Meet: larch - the most successful and elegant floor covering!

The new century will surely be the century of a more reasonable relationship to nature. Increases the natural tendency of people to surround themselves with products from renewable raw materials, primarily wood. The new century will surely be the century of a more reasonable relationship to nature. Increases the natural tendency of people to surround themselves with products from renewable raw materials, primarily wood. Residents of Russia and other countries in Europe and Asia have long exploited the traditional breeds that grow in regions with favorable climate for humans: pine, spruce, birch, aspen, larch, oak and others. What is worth Venice: On a very valuable softwood, which has the most widespread and most stocks in the harsh expanses of Siberia, is less well known, and its application until recently was relatively small. This breed is larch. Usually at the mention of her remember piles, which is to Venice, and to meet the cycling track in Moscow. Examples, of course, indicative, but so far they have not provided an adequate assessment of this breed builders and furniture makers. On physico-mechanical and aesthetic properties and durability of larch occupies an intermediate position between soft conifers such as pine and hardwood, the most famous of which is oak. High density, strength, hardness and gummosity many years hampered the manual harvesting and processing of larch. Larch sink in water, causing problems with its water transportation. Achieved in recent decades, advances in technology and mechanization of production processes, development of Transport largely eliminated these technical barriers.

Warm floor

Summer ... Waiting for him, waiting, as it is - smack, and slipped four, well five weeks, interspersed with rain and wind. Tired. Tropics it is time to make a single apartment. You certainly have heard of heating system, located directly beneath the floor. You bet! The entire northern Europe is already 10 years enjoying this invention. We have these very warm floors are available, for example, in the expensive fitness centers or in steep kindergartens and schools. In Kharkov and Kiev this method has long been heated by the underground. Summer ... Waiting for him, waiting, as it is - smack, and slipped four, well five weeks, interspersed with rain and wind. Tired. Tropics it is time to make a single apartment. You certainly have heard of heating system, located directly beneath the floor. You bet! The entire northern Europe is already 10 years enjoying this invention. We have these very warm floors are available, for example, in the expensive fitness centers or in steep kindergartens and schools. In Kharkov and Kiev this method has long been heated by the underground. So do not think that a warm floor can afford only millionaire. We just recently and the car was a luxury, and a mobile phone in rarity. Where else but in Russia it is best cold take hold, this new warm? Now warm floors are used in cafes, hairdressers and fitness clubs located in basements or on ground floors of buildings. The "personal use", of course, such heating is more common in suburban homes. But more and more owners of city apartments decide to get rid of drafts and warm slippers, now and forever.

The last chord. Supplies for the flooring.

It makes sense for us, the average man in the street, a parquet floor - a hardwood floor. Even in this connection there are the following associations and concepts - piece oak or beech flooring, sanding and parquet lacquer, figure in the "Christmas tree" and "checkered" ... But the phrase "PRE-fitting" known to have a narrower range of people. In general, the people this wisdom is seen as a luxury and objectionable type: "Pampering all this toy for those with mad money." Nothing like this: without fitting any floor, even laid the most expensive flooring will look lonely and messy. And besides, "accessories" for flooring are not only aesthetic but also a direct functional purpose. Explain: the wood from moisture swells, and if the room is dry, conversely, shrinking. It is logical for us, the average man in the street, a parquet floor - a hardwood floor. Even in this connection there are the following associations and concepts - piece oak or beech flooring, sanding and parquet lacquer, figure in the "Christmas tree" and "checkered" ... But the phrase "parquet accessories" already familiar to a narrower range of people. In general, the people this wisdom is seen as a luxury and objectionable type: "Pampering all this toy for those with mad money." Nothing like this: without fitting any floor, even laid the most expensive flooring will look lonely and messy. And besides, "accessories" for flooring are not only aesthetic but also a direct functional purpose.

Floors made of natural stone

With all the diversity of modern building materials and decorative stone is in the range of their special place. First, of course, thanks to the unique beauty created by nature itself. No coincidence that many artificial surfaces mimic the stone figure. Each piece of stone, each lined with natural stone surface that is always unique. Secondly, it is natural stone can truly be called a truly durable, despite having the most stable polymers. After all, even aging, collapsing under the weight of centuries, the stone acquires a special charm of antiquity, while still beautiful. In the cladding - external and internal use: granite, gabbro, diorite, labradorite, syenite, marble and travertine, limestone, sandstone, tuff. But the most widely used as a decorative facing rocks found marble and granite. Today, foreign technologies involve the use of thinner than it was taken from us, stone slabs in the lining. The most commonly used thick marble slabs for interior is 10 mm for granite - 15 mm. While laying on special adhesives anhydrous compositions in the interior of this thickness is quite sufficient. This dramatically simplifies the installation process and ease of building structures. Marble - from the Greek. marmaros (shining stone), sedimentary rock, formed by recrystallization and metamorphism of limestone and dolomite. This is the best known and most popular facing stone. It is perfectly easy to work with and well polished. There are quite a hard marble, but still he is certainly softer than granite, much stronger than absorb moisture, acids and exposed to the destructive environmental factors.

Once again about love ... Or how to choose the floorboard

Let's talk about the floorboard. I live in a house built thirty years ago. It's called "House of experimental development (to meet this architect-experimenter talked to the souls). The floor is parquet. And as for him no one ever cared, then, as always unexpected and out of season, it became clear that it is time to change the flooring. As my grandmother said, "from people ashamed." What to choose? Phoned friends, talked with experts in construction firms, walked to the shops, talk with vendors. Let's talk about the floorboard. I live in a house built thirty years ago. It's called "House of experimental development (to meet this architect-experimenter talked to the souls). The floor is parquet. And as for him no one ever cared, then, as always unexpected and out of season, it became clear that it is time to change the flooring. As my grandmother said, "from people ashamed." What to choose? Phoned friends, talked with experts in construction firms, walked to the shops, talk with vendors. Alas, their views on the subject were quite different, nay, almost the opposite. And that's what occurred. Surprisingly, with the arrival of each new Soviet leader, a floor covering in the free housing was getting worse and worse. Under Stalin laid parquet excellent quality. In the days of Leonid Brezhnev's stagnation - parquet panels. In Gorbachev's time, and it practically disappeared, the floors were covered lonely ugly linoleum. It's fashionable to take shelter at all with bare walls and concrete floors - whatever you want, then do it.

Parquet and laminate - brothers but not twins

Which only types of flooring or invented in recent times - linoleum, carpet, deck, raised floors, etc. etc. Still, the most attractive for owners of apartments, houses, offices remains the word "parquet" (translated from the French "bar"). Miniature plates of some form, carefully fitted together, covered with a special varnish or rubbed to create a beautiful light, durable, warm base in any room. Until recently the natural flooring of different species of tree has not been any serious competitors. However, with many advantages, it had one drawback - a high price. Which only types of floor coverings or invented in recent times - linoleum, carpet, deck, raised floors, etc. etc. Still, the most attractive for owners of apartments, houses, offices remains the word "parquet" (translated from the French "bar"). Miniature plates of some form, carefully fitted together, covered with a special varnish or rubbed to create a beautiful light, durable, warm base in any room. Until recently the natural flooring of different species of tree has not been any serious competitors. However, with many advantages, it had one drawback - a high price. Resourceful person and then find a way out - came up with something very similar to natural parquet, surpassing it in durability and affordable. A new material called laminate flooring, or just a laminate. Laminate - a laminated product made of different materials, reminiscent of a cake, filled with odds and ends.

The solution of the issue of sexual dry

If you believe the television commercials, dryness - a new standard for our lives today. I was almost not surprised that now there are "dry processes in construction". In this case arose in my mind a vivid picture: the painters and assemblers, dressed in diapers and orange helmets. But as it turned out, the dry method of construction has long circulated around the world, not excepting our vast country. And diapers are absolutely innocent. It is, as might have guessed the most advanced readers, the plaster (or short it is called LGK - sheets of plasterboard). Moreover, in recent years his "help" came another material with a wider range of applications - gypsum fiber board (gypsum sheets). Here's something about them and talk. But to understand what the dry method, it is necessary to recall or imagine the looks, or rather, looked "wet". The processing of the walls in a traditional plaster version (ie not "dry") took a long time. First, on a brick If you believe the television commercials, dryness - a new standard for our lives today. I was almost not surprised that now there are "dry processes in construction". In this case arose in my mind a vivid picture: the painters and assemblers, dressed in diapers and orange helmets. But as it turned out, the dry method of construction has long circulated around the world, not excepting our vast country. And diapers are absolutely innocent. It is, as might have guessed the most advanced readers, the plaster (or short it is called LGK - sheets of plasterboard).

The modern choice

Choice of finishing construction materials are extremely broad, they are inundated with enormous Buildmarket, salons, markets, specialized firms. Diverse parquet floors, natural stones of any rocks, ceramic tile world's best manufacturers and domestic companies. But for the floors with all the richness offers the most massive and popular material remains linoleum. Of course, ideally for the living room, bedroom, bathroom might choose parquet or ceramic tile, but linoleum is good, even here, bribing foreign attractive, affordable and unpretentious. The choice of finishing and construction materials are extremely broad, they are inundated with enormous Buildmarket, salons, markets, specialized firms. Diverse parquet floors, natural stones of any rocks, ceramic tile world's best manufacturers and domestic companies. But for the floors with all the richness offers the most massive and popular material remains linoleum. Of course, ideally for the living room, bedroom, bathroom might choose parquet or ceramic tile, but linoleum is good, even here, bribing foreign attractive, affordable and unpretentious. In some cases, linoleum and did indispensable - in the kitchen, hallway, on the verandah, pantry, in a periodically heated farmhouse, where is wet, a lot of walking, stain and wash. However, the issue is not only that. Modern linoleum - material of new generation, radically different from its not too presentable, "ancestor". Linoleum has acquired an amazing diversity: German manufacturers alone produce about 250 variants of the material of about 100 colors, annually updating the collection that allows you to choose coverage under any interior, with drawings from abstract to traditional.

Laying of glueless laminate flooring

Before installation. Do not unpacking, put laminate flooring in the room where will be laying. Packages should be in a horizontal position at room temperature (min. 18 ° C) for at least 48 hours. Once again the daylight view the laminated panels for damage, matching the size and optical homogeneity of the surface. Before laying. Do not unpacking , put laminate flooring in the room where will be laying. Packages should be in a horizontal position at room temperature (min. 18 ° C) for at least 48 hours. Once again the daylight view the laminated panels for damage, matching the size and optical homogeneity of the surface. If there are reasonable defects immediately to the seller the information on the reverse side of the panel. Claims for use panels with a mechanical or visual defects are not accepted. Laminate flooring on the basis of HDF is not suitable for use in wet areas such as bathroom, toilet , sauna, kitchen with washing machine. Check the training grounds for laying. Laminate flooring can be installed only on a completely flat, dry, clean and stable surface. The small bumps on the surface (<3 мм) выровняются с помощью подложки. Неровности, превышающие 3 мм, нужно зашлифовать или зашпаклевать. Основные правила. В помещении, где производится укладка, до, во время и минимум в течение 3 дней после укладки должны быть гарантированы следующие климатические условия: • Температура поверхности пола-основания: мин. 15° C • Температура воздуха: мин. 18° C • Влажность воздуха: макс. 75 % Ламинированные полы всегда укладываются в продольном направлении относительно основного источника света. Перед укладкой надо просчитать, какой ширины получится последний ряд панелей - он должен быть не менее 50 мм. При необходимости следует обрезать панели первого ряда до небходимой ширины. Ламинированные полы укладываются плавающим способом. Это значит, что панели нельзя приклеивать, прибивать или другим методом прикреплять к полу и стене. В зависимости от температуры и влажности расширяются или ссыхаются. В случае длины помещения более 8 м или ширины больше, чем 6 м нужно создать дополнительный шов шириной 20 - 30 мм, который в дальнейшем закрыть декоративной накладкой. Первый ряд панели должен быть обращен гребнем в сторону стены. Панели в каждом следующем ряду должны быть смещены минимум на 40 см по отношению к предыдущим. Последняя отрезанная по длине пенель (минимум 40 см.) из первого ряда будет первой панелью во втором ряду. Точно выполняйте инструкции по укладке. При неправильной укладке пола претензии к качеству панелей не принимаются. При возникновении проблем необходимо тут же прекратить укладку пола и проконсультироваться с продавцом. Необходимые материалы и инструменты. • пароизоляция (полиэтиленовая плёнка) • подложка (вспененый поиэтилен, плёнка полиуретановая и т. п. толщиной 2 мм ) • ножовка • молоток (лучше всего резиновый) • карандаш, угольник • брусок • плинтуса • крепеж для плинтусов Укладка. По всей поверхности укладки расстелите пароизоляционную плёнку, а затем подложку. Полосы пароизоляции укладываются внахлест (минимум 200 мм), их можно проклеить. Рекомендуется также уложить пароизоляцию вертикально вверх по стене на 50 мм. Подложка укладывается встык. Для соблюдения отступа в 10 мм от стен используйте клинья. Первый ряд панелей следует уложить, начиная работы в левом углу комнаты. Чтобы соединить короткие стороны панелей, нужно вложить гребень в паз уже лежащей панели и забить её молотком. При подгонке панелей никогда не стучать молотком непосредственно по панели, нужно использовать для этого колодку. Укладка второго и всех последующих рядов начинается с присоединения длинного края первой панели. Для этого вложить гребень под углом 20-30° в паз уже уложенного ряда панелей, а потом, осторожно прижимая, уложить ровно панели на подложке. Как уже указывалось, панели в последующих рядах должны быть передвинуты друг относительно друг минимум на 40 см. Отрезанная часть последней панели в ряду становится первым элементом следующего ряда. Укладка второй панели в ряду также начинается с присоединения длинного края. При этом короткие края первой и второй панелей в ряду должны находить друг на друга так, чтобы их можно было соединить, как описано выше для первого ряда. Ещё раз об особенностях. Панели нужно укладывать параллельно к главному потоку света в помещении (например, от окна вглубь комнаты). Необходимо оставлять расстояние около 10 мм от краев панелей до стен и всех неподвижных конструкций, выступающих из пола (стояки отопления и т.п.). Это необходимо, поскольку при изменении температуры и влажности воздуха панели могут несколько изменяться в размерах. Оставленное расстояние позволит избежать деформации пола. С этой же целью в больших помещениях нужно оставить дополнительный шов (на середине длины помещения) шириной около 20 мм, который закрывается декоративной планкой. По этой же причине укладка ламината осуществляется «плавающим способом» - панели нельзя приклеивать, прибивать или любым другим способом прикреплять к основанию. Плинтуса также крепятся обязательно к стене, а не к полу. Укладка в проблемных местах. В недоступных местах (например, под батареями отопления): • частично обстрогайте шпунт и паз • соединение проклейте • горизонтально надвинте замок одной панели на другую • состыкуйте профиль Эксплуатировать пол можно сразу же после укладки последнего ряда панелей. Нужно убрать клинья, обрезать выступающую подложку и пароизоляционную плёнку и закрыть щели плинтусами, которые крепятся к стенам.

Repair of ceramic tiles

If the ceramic tile behind, it is very easy to fix. The back of the tile and nest in which she lay, thoroughly clean from dirt, dust, and grease (do not remove the traces of the solution) and smear glue BF-2 or the Phoenix. " Allow glue to dry. Then re-lubricate the glue both surfaces and, having laid the tile in the slot, push it onto the cargo. After one day, the cargo can be removed. Tiles will be firmly kept in place. Broken tiles and old mortar must be removed. The greatest difficulty is the removal of damaged tiles that grip. You can use a sharp chisel with a narrow blade. Knock out the damaged tile is always out of their center to the edges. This work should be done very carefully so as not to damage the entire tile. After cleaning the ground floor should be rinsed with water. New tile first learns and placed on a cement-sand mortar 1:2 (1 part cement and 2 parts sand) so that their top was flush with the floor. After laying the tiles hydrate for 3-4 days. To reduce drying of the solution, preferably the floor lay a plastic film. According to a repaired tile floor can not walk for a week. At this time it is better at this point to put a shield. Floors of ceramic tile (metlahskie) in the bathroom and toilet clean fine sand or any cleaner metal utensils, but no acid.

Repair plank.

Plank flooring over time begin to crack, squeak or bounce. The gap between the boards is not only impairs the appearance of the floor, but also complicate its cleanup. Creak usually occurs when the connection is broken comb rebated or loosely seated in the slots. Floors spring, when lags are thin and the distance between the floor boards are great or too thin. Repair floors with such defects is reduced mainly to the rallying of boards and replacement of individual damaged boards. If the board is damaged or rotted one end, it should be removed with a chisel (not removing the whole board) and replace with a suitable length with a piece of board. Replaced by a piece of board should be supported by at least two joists. Before rallying initially removed the baseboards, then release the floor boards, which consistently raise the hatchet and nail puller to pull the protruding nails. Separate boards should be careful not to damage them should especially watch over the safety of the ridge. Before laying of new or refined old boards carefully checked the reliability of the installation log, the presence of soundproofing and leveling pads. Cracks in the floor is conveniently close up with a stencil cut from heavy paper or foil. Putty Putty stencil and fills the cracks, not smearing the rest of the floor surface. If the floorboards are worn out, among them was a great gap, they creak and sag, the floor is completely or partially requires perestilki. Floor boards can sag and what logs are placed under them too often.

Plank floors

Wooden flooring is distinguished by high technical and operational advantages and they are in spite of the lack of widespread use of wood. Wooden plank floors after completion of all "wet" processes within the building. There are three main types of flooring: planks, parquet and wood stoves. The most hygienic as the absence of harmful emissions (emissions) and the thermal comfort (the coefficient of heat absorption), wood floors in the correct use of long-lived. Due to environmental friendliness and excellent aesthetic properties, today they are becoming more fashionable. The first thing you should consider starting the flooring: humidity in the room during the execution of work shall not exceed 60%, and its temperature must not fall below +8 ° C. Same treatment is desired and the operation of sex (which, incidentally, confirmed snip). High humidity boards swell and swells, when low (30 - 40%) - floors shrink, warp and cracks appear in them. The material for the floors should not be a worm-Dry wood borers or brownie from mold fungus. Below the plane of wooden floor should provide a ventilated space, and in the floor is desirable to place special vents (partially forgotten during the Soviet period), which does not develop a mold of the ubiquitous spores. Under the joists, supported by brick columns, to provide waterproofing to trim roofing underlay, which also protects the wood from mold. Plank flooring plank directly on the beams, when their step is relatively small.

Carpeting (carpet) made of polymer materials

Quality of laying carpet not only affects the appearance of the premises, but also at how long an carpeting, and whether maintained its quality throughout the entire period of operation. Before laying the carpet floor should first be smoothed. For longer maintain the appearance and increase the comfort it is recommended to use the so-called "backing". This additional padding increases the elasticity of carpeting, as well as heat and sound insulation. The substrate can be used felt, polyurethane foam and other materials. It is very important that the substrate was sufficiently dense. Friable substrate only hurt carpet during the operation. Substrate thickness, usually about 5-10 mm. Selecting the method of installation depends on the basis of carpet, functional purpose room where the carpet is laid, the frequency of its use and condition of the floor. There are several ways of laying the carpet: - Free installation - installation with two-sided adhesive tape is enclosed under the edges and seams - the method of smooth edges - Consolidation of double-sided adhesive tape cover close to the baseboards - glueing - stretching. The choice of technology depends on the type of placement and substrate conditions, type of textile coatings and, of course, of the type of glue. Stacking without sticking (free styling). Applies in the case when you need to preserve the appearance of the coated floor, for example, mosaic parquet, marble, granite, etc, for this suit cover with high strength.

Repair plank floors

The plank floors can occur due to abrasion damage, cracking and warping, as well as having local subsidence, creaking, fragility and decay. These failures should be promptly identified and removed. New floors should be better unite, as they are often subjected to shrinkage and warping. At the same time, lift each nailed to lag the board, face down in her seat blow Obukhov and pull out nails. After removing the nails from three or four boards, they unite with a special screw-fit or wedges. In free space insert the missing planks of dry material. Make sure the floor has turned out even if the floor cracks appeared large, they are buried dry strips with a slightly wedge-shaped cross section. Reiki smeared with carpenter's glue on both sides and, using mallets or conventional hammer head is wrapped with several layers of tissue, clog the slot. When the glue dries rails protruding parts sostragivayut. The entire floor planed for warping boards from uneven drying, wear or when old iolov preparation for painting. Before prostrozhkoy nails deepen and cut down a chisel protruding knots. Planing boards must not only along but also across, rule-line checking the evenness of sex. If the damage or rotting floor boards perestilayut. Disassemble it must be careful not to damage the edges of boards, do not break the spines, combs, dowels. Good board to re-use, damaged replace. Debris, chips, etc., found under the floor, removed, since they are often the cause rotting floor. If damaged several boards, they are pulled out and replaced with new ones.

Repair of parquet floors

Parquet repair in cases where the popped or cracked bars (staves), a floor up (under the flooring is exposed to water) or worn out some of the floor (usually 310 is in the center of the room). Before you replace the cracked bar, determine what is covered with parquet floor. In older homes hurting the parquet floor, known as "specialists" (beveled), and the parquet floor with a fold. Modern bars have tongue and groove. In parquet "specialized" slots are located on four sides. Collected it on the nails, loose spikes, and fastened as a rule, to the plank floor. Plank beveled plank directly on the hot bitumen mastic. These straps easily removed from the flooring and replace with new ones. Parquet seam is at the bottom of oblique grooves on the type of dovetail. It fits onto the hot asphalt. The modern flooring on both sides (one long and another short) are prominent ridges, with two other parties - the slots. To pull out the worn hardwood floor plank, it should be a chisel to split into several parts along the fibers. First, take out the inside, and then - with the outer ridge. Replacing a few strips, carefully inspect the asphalt base. Dents zashpatlyuyte cement-sand mortar with the addition of sodium silicate (silicate glue office). If the flooring laid on board, repair potholes and cracks. Put on prepared base plates, pre-clearing them with planers combs, and attach them with hot bitumen mastic, which cools, hardens quickly (1-2 minutes), and firmly attaches the strap to the base.

Linoleum flooring

Linoleum is one of the best materials for the flooring. It is easy to clean, durable, and has a beautiful exterior, comes with a picture without him. Linoleum floor covering can be made of cement-sand mortar, wood particle boards and boards. With linoleum flooring subfloor must be flat and dry. Linoleum floor to the floor can be glued or nailed with small nails. Pribivka nails less durable and beautiful, but allows, if necessary, without much trouble to remove linoleum from the base. The roll is cut into strips so as to edge into the joints went at each other at 20-30 mm (margin for shrinkage and possible remedy). When cutting monochrome canvases recommended to lay linoleum seams perpendicular to external walls. Colorful linoleum laid in the longitudinal direction, combining the drawing. On the plank linoleum flooring dock in the middle of the board. Cut it with a sharp knife on a metal line by placing a line of trim strip of plywood. Bands should put a pile and stand under the weight of 3-5 days until they are straightened. Before gluing linoleum floor base and primed canvas. Depending on the type of mastic used one or another primer. If you use mastic to bitumen-based primer should be asphalt. To this end, pre-melted and then cooled down a little asphalt and gradually pouring in petrol at a ratio of 1:2, thoroughly mixing the formed mass. This primer dries in 8-10 hours. For 1 m2 of floor required 300 g of bitumen primer. When using oil-chalk putty as a primer applied varnish.

Repair linoleum floors

If the linoleum is swollen, the swelling place pierce Shilo and release the air. Top paper bag and iron with hot iron. If that fails, then the swollen place incised nose and squirt solvent, which is part of the mastic so that it softened. Again iron with a hot iron. If this does not work, then under the distention is no postmark. In this case, we must add mastic under the swollen place. If the linoleum come off in a large area, it is best to lay it again. Linoleum is removed, clean with a spatula and allowed to spread out as a back-up. Training under the linoleum was purified from the mastic ogruntovyvayut plank and re-carpet. From long-term use separate places wiped off the linoleum. They cut out and replaced by new stack several large and paste, but to remain unstuck edge of 20-30 mm. Put on the site load. After one day, cut through the edge of a ruler and stick them on a strip of cloth, planted under the joints. Minor dents, cuts and injuries on the linoleum close up with mastic and sanded sanded. Method of preparation of mastic. One part of powdered rosin is dissolved in 4 parts of turpentine thickened, add the dye in the color of the linoleum and all are thoroughly mixed. Linoleum 2 times per year to grease the linseed oil. It is applied a thin layer of wool cloth and leave for a day (walking on the linoleum at this time is impossible). The next day, linoleum rub to a shine. You can also once every three months to rub his natural linseed oil and a good wipe with a soft cloth.

Four ways to update the wall

Decided obnovoit walls - be prepared: you will choose from a range of proposals on the market. Here are a few options for wall design, depending on the purpose of the premises, its size and budget allocated for the repairs. It's about the flock, paints with special effects and plastic decorative coatings. Decided obnovoit walls - be prepared: you will choose from a range of proposals on the market. Here are a few options for wall design, depending on the purpose of the premises, its size and budget allocated for the repairs. It's about the flock, paints with special effects and plastic decorative coatings. Floquet

Modern decorative plaster

What we all know about the plaster? What is the white-gray thick mass, which is applied to the wall plasterer in splodgy pants. And that often plaster - the basis for a more noble materials. And what is the decorative plaster? And anyway, did you know that today there appears a great many unexpected decorative materials for the walls? The specialists are called - "decorative wall coverings. That's about it and talk. That we are aware of the plaster? What is the white-gray thick mass, which is applied to the wall plasterer in splodgy pants. And that often plaster - the basis for a more noble materials. And what is the decorative plaster? And anyway, did you know that today there appears a great many unexpected decorative materials for the walls? The specialists are called - "decorative wall coverings. That's about it and talk. Take, for example, decorative plaster. Firstly, it is very easy to applying the material. Secondly, the shelf on the wall it looks amazing, though not worked over the wall crew of repairmen, and a group of artists. And most importantly - for this material is easy to care: it can be cleaned for washing utensils, washing powder, soap or plain water. The fact that the composition of decorative plasters include communication elements that moisture is not terrible. At the same time covering a long time keeps the brightness of colors ... But let's define some terms. Decorative finishes for walls - is primarily plaster (we call them structural in their heterogeneous composition) and decorative paints.

Bathroom walls: four for solving a problem

Ancient Romans (the Empire) believed that the place where a person performs ablution should be not just beautiful, and downright luxurious. Let us recall the famous Baths of Caracalla. Nowadays, the question "How to Lose a three-meter bathroom?" seems much more simple, but still need to solve it ... Ancient Romans (the Empire) believed that the place where a person performs ablution should be not just beautiful, and downright luxurious. Let us recall the famous Baths of Caracalla. Nowadays, the question "How to Lose a three-meter bathroom?" seems much more simple, but still need to solve it ... Plastic and tile